Table of Content

05 September 2014, Volume 34 Issue 9

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The roles of the EMT and non-EMT cells in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer

2014, 34(9):  1165-1170. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between the EMT cells and non-EMT cells in colorectal cancer metastasis. Methods TGF-β1 has stimulated colon cancer cells HT29 for a long time.The expressions of Ecadherin and Vimentin mRNA of cells were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The morphology and Cytoskeleton of HT29 and HT29/ TGF-β1 cells were observed by HE and Coomassie blue staining respectively, the green and red fluorescent protein plasmid were transfected into EMT and non-EMT cells respectively, then mixed culturing two kind cells, doing scratch test, observing the movement of two kinds of cells. Results After continuous stimulated by TGF-β1 for 10d, the expression of Ecadherin mRNA decreased with significant statistical difference, the expression of Vimentin mRNA increased with significant statistical difference（P<0.05）. After continuous stimulated by TGF-β1 for 40d, HT29 cells change spindle, decline cell-cell adhesion. HT29 cells had more surface projections, and less cytoskeletal structures and spot-like actin bodies than HT29/ TGF-β1 cells. Scratch test shows that the, migration rate of the HT29 cells after stimulation is the fastest, HT29 cells is the slowest.Co-culturing two kinds of red and green fluorescent plasmid DNA transfected cells, scratches, we can see the red and green cells evenly distributed. Conclusion TGF-β1 can induce colorectal cancer cells EMT；In colorectal cancer, the EMT cells can enhance invasion and metastasis of the non-EMT cells.

Cyclosporin improves the vascular and organ function after undergo traumatic hemorrhagic shock

2014, 34(9):  1171-1174. 

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Objective To observe the effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on the vasoconstriction/vasodilation of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), vital organ and mitochondrial function after traumatic hemorrhagic shock in rats. Methods With the traumatic hemorrhagic shock model of rats (blood pressure maintained at 40 mmHg and femur was fractured), rats were divided into six groups: sham-operated, shock, LR, CsA 1, 5, 10 mg/kg (n=8/group). After shock, rats received an infusion of LR or CsA, then the vascular constriction/relaxation of SMA was observe with isolated organ perfusion system, the blood flow in liver and kidney was measured by a laser doppler blood flowmeter, the function of the liver and kidney was measured using biochemical analysis, and the mitochondrial function of the liver, kidney and small intestine was examined by the respiration control rate method. Results After shock, both the vascular constriction reactivity and the vasodilator reactivity were significantly decreased. CsA markedly restored the decreased constriction and relaxation of SMA after shock (P<0.01~0.05), and 5 mg/kg of CsA showed a better effect. CsA (5 mg/kg) also improved tissue blood flow, organ and mitochondrial function in shock rats (P<0.01~0.05). Conclusions CsA has good effects on traumatic hemorrhagic shock through improving vascular function, increasing tissue blood flow, protecting organ and mitochondrial function.

Directed differentiation of hUC-MSCs into prostate epithelial-like cells when co-cocultutred with urogenital sinus mesenchymal cells

2014, 34(9):  1175-1178. 

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Objective The aim of this study is to explore whether human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells （hUC-MSCs）can be induced to undergo directed differentiation when co-cultured with tissue-specific cells in a three-dimensional gel. Methods Human UC-MSCs and rat urogenital sinus mesenchymal cells（rUGSSs） were isolated and cultured. The two kinds of cells were subcultured, amplified and characterized. hUC-MSCs were co-cultured with rUGSSs in a 3-dimensional collagen gel in vitro. Results Here we report that when hUC-MSCs were co-cultured with rUGSSs in a 3-dimensional collagen gel in vitro, they could differentiate into prostate epithelial-like cells. These prostatic epithelial-like cells could be verified with prostate epithelial cell markers. Conclusion hUC-MSCs could be induced into prostate epithelial-like cells by co-culture with rUGSSs. rUGSSs might provide a stem cell niche that promotes the hUC-MSCs to undergo a directed differentiation into cells of a specific type of tissue cells.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibit CD4+ na?ve T cells to differentiate into Th17 in vitro

2014, 34(9):  1179-1183. 

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Objective To observe the immunoregulatory effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the differentiation of helper T cell 17 (Th17) in vitro. Methods Mouse CD4+ na?ve T cells, which were co-cultured with isolated mouse BM-MSCs, were induced to differentiate into Th17 for 3 days. The percentage of induced CD4+IL-17+ Th17, concentration of cytokine IL-17 and expression level of specific transcription factor Rorγt were measured by flow cytometry, ELISA, qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. In some experiment, neutralizing antibody of IL-10 (NA-IL-10) and NA-PGE2 were added into the co-culture system to test the induced rate of Th17. Results Mouse BM-MSCs secreted high levels of cytokines TGF-β and IL-6. The CD4+ na?ve T cells co-cultured with BM-MSCs produced less CD4+IL-17+ cells (2.5%±1.5%), lower concentration of IL-17 (23±3 ng/L) and decreased expression of Rorγt compared with control group (17.8%±4.2% and 268±27 ng/L, P﹤0.05). The concentration of IL-10 and PGE2 were gradually increased in the co-cultured group, and significantly higher than these of control group in the same time (P﹤0.05). When NA-IL-10 or NA-PGE2 added into the co-culture group, the CD4+ na?ve T cells produced more CD4+IL-17+ cells (2.0%±0.5% to 11.8%±2.5%，P﹤0.05), higher concentration of IL-17 (24±4 ng/L to 123±25 ng/L，P﹤0.05) and increased expression level of Rorγt compared with isotype antibody control group. Moreover, the cocktail of NA-IL-10 and NA-PGE2 could further augment the induced rate of Th17. Conclusion Although BM-MSCs secrete high levels of cytokines TGF-β and IL-6, which are essential for Th17 differentiation, BM-MSCs inhibit the differentiation of Th17 potentially through IL-10 and PGE2 in vitro.

Cloning and activity analysis of mouse cystathionine γ-lyase gene promoter

Mao-Xian Wang

2014, 34(9):  1184-1188. 

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Objective The promoter sequences of mouse CSE gene were cloned, and its transcriptional regulatory mechanisms were studied, too. Methods The promoter sequence of CSE gene was cloned from the mouse blood genomic DNA by PCR, and was jointed into the pGL4.12 cloning vector after purification. The sequences of CSE gene promoter were analyzed by a series of bioinformatics software, and the reporter gene activity was tested transient transfection, and promoter activity has been measured and compared to the blank reporter vector in both cell lines. Results There were 25 transcription factor binding sites with more than 92 scores (four GATAs, three SRYs, two USFs, two MZF1s, two v-Mybs, two CdxAs, one TATA, one AML -1 a, one RORalp, one C/EBP, one Nkx-2, one Lyf-1, one N-Myc, one HSF2, and one E2F) by analyzing regulator sequence of CSE gene promoter but CpG island was not detected in CSE regulator region. Conclusion The results provide the experimental and theoretical basis for further study of the transcriptional and expressional regulation mechanism of the CSE gene.

TSA inhibits proliferation of A549 human lung cancer cell growth and its mechanism in vitro

2014, 34(9):  1189-1192. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of TSA on lung cancer cell A549 and its possible mechanism. Methods Proliferation ability of A549 cells was detected by MTT assay; Migration of A549 cells was measured by Wound healing assay; The expression EMT markers proteins level were detected by Western blot. Results TSA significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells(p<0.01). TSA inhibited A549 cells invasion and migration via inhibition of EMT. Conclusion TSA may effectively inhibit the ability of proliferation and migration of lung cancer, and the mechnism may be explained by inhibition of EMT.

Sulfiredoxin-1 enhances the antioxidant effects of astrocytes by regulating the expression of peroxiredoxins

2014, 34(9):  1193-1198. 

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Objective To explore the possible mechanisms of Sulfiredoxin1 (Srxn1) for its antioxidant effects in astrocytes in response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Methods 1)Incubation and purification of astrocytes from the cerebral cortex of SD rats. 2)The lentiviral interference vector carrying Srxn1 or negative control(NC) shRNA were transduced into primary rat cortical astrocytes. And the knockdown efficiency of Srxn1 was measured by Real-time QPCR and Western blot assays. 3)H2O2 was treated after Srxn1 knockdown. Using LDH assays to measure cell damage. The intracellular oxidative stress state was estimated by superoxide dismutase(SOD) kit. The expression of Srxn1 and the activity of PrdxⅠ-Ⅳ and Prdx-SO2/3H were measured by WB. Results 1)WB revealed that the expression of Srxn1 was decreased to 40.8%（P<0.01）and Real-time QPCR showed that mRNA of Srxn1 was decreased to 36.4%（P<0.01）after knockdown of Srxn1. 2)Knockdown Srxn1 could increase the leakage rate of LDH to 23.4%（P<0.01）and decrease the level of SOD to 53.1%（P<0.01） after exposed to H2O2. 3)Exposed to H2O2 resulted in an increase in Srxn1 to 137.3%（P<0.01）. The expression of PrdxⅠ-Ⅳ can be increased by H2O2. However, it could be decreased after knockdown of Srxn1. Conclusion Srxn1 could alleviate oxidative stress injury for astrocytes and involved in Prdxs’ activity.

Cisplatin suppresses human hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth via regulating microRNA-214-mediatedΒ-CATENIN axis

2014, 34(9):  1199-1203. 

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Objective To investigate the impact of cisplatin on microRNA-214 (miR-214) expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of cisplatin for HCC chemotherapy. Methods Real-time PCR analysis was conducted to determine the expression levels of miR-214 in HCC tissue specimens and HCC cell lines. The IC 50 value of cisplatin was determined both in HepG2 and Hep3b cell lines. The expression of miR-214 was evaluated in HepG2 and Hep3b cells with cisplatin treatment by using real-time PCR and we also performed western blot analysis to detect the protein levels ofΒ-CATENIN in HCC cells with the same treatment as described above. A rescue assay was conducted by using cisplatin treatment in combination with miR-214 inhibitor (Anti-214) to further investigate the correlation among cisplatin, miR-214, and cell growth. Results miR-214 expression depicted a significant downregulation in HCC tissues and cell lines (P<0.01). Cisplatin treatment led to an augment of miR-214 expression in HepG2 and Hep3b cells (P<0.01) and resulted in a decrease ofΒ-CATENIN protein levels, which was verified as a direct target of miR-214 in HCC cells (P<0.05). Conclusion Cisplatin represents its suppressive effect on HCC growth at least partly via miR-214-mediatedΒ-CATENIN axis.

Expression of Notch signaling molecules in the process of microRNA-1 inducing rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells

2014, 34(9):  1204-1210. 

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Objective To investgate the effect of miR-1 on MSCs differentiation into cardiac phenotypes and the expression changes of Notch signaling molecules in this process.Methods MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow by the whole bone marrow adherence method; MSCs identified by flow cytometry were introduced by the lentiviral vectors expressing miR-1（MSCsmiR-1）,Which were then divided into four groups: control group, 4-day culture group, 6-day culture group,15-day culture group;The cell morphology was examied by light microscope,miR-1 and cardiomyocyte-specific genes including GATA-4, cTnI and α-actin were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR),and the expression of cTnI and α-actin was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot respectively;Meanwhile, MSCsmiR-1 cells were detected for the expression of genes related to notch signaling pathway by qPCR. Results Isolated MSCs displayed a stable spindle-phenotype and showed characteristic swirling growth. More than 98% of the MSCs population expressed CD44 and CD29 for MSCs phenotype; Meanwhile, less than 1% cells were CD45 positive. Compared with control cells, MSCsmiR-1 highly expressed miR-1 and showed a higher expression of cardiomyocyte-specific genes, including GATA-4, cTnI and α-actin, cTnI was detected by immunofluorescence in MSCsmiR-1 after miR-1 transduction for 4 days, and gradually increased afterwards. Western blot further confirmed the expression of α-actin in MSCsmiR-1. The mRNA expression of Jagged1,Notch1,Notch3 and Hey2 reduced significantly in MSCsmiR-1 during its differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells,and reached the minimum on day 15. Conclusions Our study suggests that transduction of miR-1 into rat MSCs induce cell differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells,which is in company with down-regulation mRNA expression of Jagged1- Notch1/ Notch3-Hey2 in the Notch pathway.

Detection of MCPH1 mRNA expression in lung cancer and the effect of MCPH1 overexpression synergistic with Chemotherapeutic drugs on tumor inhibition rate of A549 cells

2014, 34(9):  1211-1214. 

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Objective To detect MCPH1 mRNA expression in lung cancer, and over expression of MCPH1 in A-549 cells with drugs. Methods MCPH1 mRNA expression in lung cancer was measured by Real-time PCR.Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)/MCPH1 and Blank plasmid pcDNA3.1(-) were transfected into A549 cells,and set three groups according to the different transfected plasmid: Experimental group (OVER)、Blank control group (W/O)、Untreated (NC). The MCPH1’S mRNA and protein expression were detected by quantitative Real-Time PCR and Western bolt. Results MCPH1 gene expression in cancer tissues is lower than normal tissues (P<0.05). In A549 cells，experimental groups were added respectively 1.0μmol/mL ADM, 20μg/mL TAX, 0.1μg/mL DDP ,48h later, The inhibition rate of experimental groups was significantly higher than the control groups and the untreated groups (P<0.05). Conclusion MCPH1 genes downregulated in lung cancer；the tumor inhibitory rate increased after MCPH1 gene overexpression concurrent chemotherapy drugs.

Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the Bone metabolism of adriamycin induced nephritic rats

2014, 34(9):  1215-1220. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the bone metabolism in adriamycin-induced nephritic rats. Methods generate adriamycin-induced nephritic rats(n=50), and randomly divide them into five groups as group A: the normal group, group B: the model group, group C: the hormone group, group D: nephritic rats with stem cells transplant, group E :nephritic rats with stem cells transplant + hormone treatment. The urine samples were collected on the day 7, 21 and 35 respectively after adriamycin injection, and urine protein levels were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer. The serum protein levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), nuclear factorκB receptor activating factor ligand(RANKL) were detected by ELISA. Using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot to measure the expression of OPG and RANKL in tibia tissue. Results compared to the group A, on day7, urinary protein level of group B to E all showed significant increase (P <0.05); compared to group B, day 21 and 35 day, the urinary protein of the C, D and E decreased (P <0.05). The serum RANKL increased and the OPG decreased in group C compared to B group (P <0.05); in both group D and E, the serum OPG increased (P <0.05), the RANKL level were reduced (P <0.05) as compared to the C group; compared to D group, serum OPG in group E reduced, and the RANKL increased (P <0.05). Compared with the B group, the C group showed decreased level of protein and mRNA of OPG (P <0.05, P <0.01), however, the protein and mRNA of RANKL increased (P <0.01); compared to the C group, D and E group had an increased levels of both OPG protein and mRNA(P <0.05), and the RANKL protein and mRNA expression decreased (P <0.01). Compared with the D group, E group showed decreased level of the OPG protein and mRNA, and increased level of the RANKL protein (P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusion BMSCs may promote osteoblast differentiation, and inhibit osteoclast genesis by OPG / RANKL / RANK pathway to limit the formation of prednisone-induced osteoporosis.

Effects of MIBG on proliferation in hepatoma carcinoma HepG2 cells

2014, 34(9):  1221-1225. 

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Objective To study the effects of MIBG(meta-iodobenzylguanidine) on proliferation in hepatoma carcinoma HepG2 cells and its possible mechanism. Methods The expression of ART1 in HepG2 cells was detected by cellular immunofluorescence method. The effect of different concentration of MIBG on cell survival rate and cell cycle phases in HepG2 cells were respectively measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The expression of ART1, RhoA , c-myc and cyclinA1 were detected by Western blot. Results It showed that the ART1 existed in the HepG2 cells. The MIBG could inhibit the growth of the HepG2 cells arrested in S phase, which could be affected by different concentrations (P<0.05). The expression of the ART1, RhoA, c-myc and cyclinA1 decreased after using the MIBG (P<0.05). Conclusion MIBG, which down-regulated RhoA pathway and the downstream factors c-myc and cyclinA1, could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and arrest the cell cycles in S phase.

Effect of myocardial ischemia on the expression of natriuretic peptide receptor in the nucleus of the solitary tract of the rats

2014, 34(9):  1226-1230. 

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Objective To evaluate time curves of the expression of natriuretic peptide receptor A(NPR-A) and C(NPR-C) in the area of nucleus of the solitary tract after myocardial ischemia(MI) in the rat, and to investigate its relation with the cholinergic neurons and the catecholamine neurons. Methods All adult male SD rats were divided randomly into blank control group, sham group and myocardial ischemia(MI) group. After reproduction of the MI model, the rats were sacrificed on day 3, day 7, day 14, day 18 and on day 28 later, and the expressions of NPR-A and NPR-C in the area of nucleus of the solitary tract were detected respectively by Western blotting method, and the double labeling of NPR-A, NPR-C with ChAT, TH in the nucleus of the solitary tract was investigated with immunofluorescence method. Result The expression quantity of NPR-A in the area of nucleus of the solitary tract of the rat was significantly decreased(P<0.05) on day 14, and then increased, until the day 28 later the expression quantity of NPR-A was significantly increased than blank control group(P<0.01). While the expression of NPR-C was marked decreased than blank control group on day 3, day 7, day 14 and day 18(P<0.01). The immunofluorescence staining detection in the nucleus of the solitary tract indicated that there were many double labeling neurons of NPR-C/TH, but there was a little double labeling neurons of NPR-A /TH, and there has no double labeling neuron of NPR-A, NPR-C with ChAT. Conclusions The regulating action of the natriuretic pepitde on cardiovascular function in the nucleus of the solitary tract was enhanced, and this effect could not be depended directly on the influence with the cholinergic neurons and the catecholamine neurons.

ESD Treatment on Early Gastric Cancer and Pre-cancerous Lesions

2014, 34(9):  1231-1234. 

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Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submueosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC). Methods Retrospectively analysis 33 patients with early gastric cancer treated by ESD in Digestive Endoscopy Center of Beijing Military General Hospital from June 2012 to June 2013. Data collected including age, gender, tumor size, tumor location, macroscopic type, histology, nonlifting sign, procedure time and complications. Results The enbloc resection rate was 97% (32/33) and the R0 resection rate was 93.9% (31/33). The rate of immediate perforation was 3.03% (1/33), bleeding was 18.2% (6/33), no postoperative bleeding and delayed perforation was recorded. Tumor location (P＜0.05) and macroscopic type (P＜0.05) were associated with complications. Tumor size (P＜0.05), tumor location (P＜0.05) and nonlifting sign (P＜0.05) were associated with operative time. Conclusion ESD is an applicable method for early gastric cancer with high rate of en bloc resection and complete resection.

Investigation on the cost of patients with different outcomes related to hepatitis B virus infection in Beijing

2014, 34(9):  1235-1240. 

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Objective To understand the economic burden for the patients with hepatitis B virus infection in Beijing and to provide health economic evidence for hepatitis B (HB) control. Methods A community-based household survey combined with a hospital-based sampling investigation was used to collect the annual cost of the patients with acute HB, HBsAg carrier, chronic HB, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Results A total of 1587 HBV infection-related cases were enrolled, including 89 acute HB, 274 HB carrier, 973 chronic HB, 139 cirrhosis, and 112 HCC. The average annual total cost in 2009 was: acute HB, ￥22941.68；HBV carrier, ￥1007.90; chronic HB, ￥11777.28; cirrhosis, ￥54473.94 and HCC, ￥128309.35. The average annual total cost for cirrhosis and HCC patients was 2.03 and 4.80 times higher than annual per capita income, respectively. One-third of patients with chronic HB have never been treated with antivirals. Conclusion HBV related infection has brought great economic burden to the patients, especially cirrhosis and HCC. Anti-viral treatment rate in chronic HB patients should be improved in the future.

Clinical Experience of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Esophageal Cancer in a Medical Center in China

2014, 34(9):  1241-1244. 

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Objective To observe the outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) of early esophageal cancer and evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD. Methods From June 2012 to March 2014, 49 cases of endoscopic resected esophageal superficial neoplasia were included. The mean age of the patients was 62.1±8.9 years. The average procedure time was 60.4±43.2 minutes.Results The enbloc resection rate was 94.3%and the R0 resection rate was 90.1%. The rate of immediate perforation was 7.8%, no postoperative bleeding and delayed perforation was recorded. The rate of esophageal stenosis was 6.1%. Extent of circumferential esophageal involvement (P<0.05) was associated with complications. Extent of circumferential esophageal involvement (P<0.01) and pathological type （P<0.05） were associated with a short procedure time. Conclusion ESD is an applicable method for Early esophageal Cancer with high rate of en bloc resection and complete resection, and it is effective and safety.

Analysis of dynamic expression of p38-2G4 during erythroid cells differentiation

2014, 34(9):  1245-1249. 

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Objective: Analysis of the expression and function of mouse p38-2G4 protein in the differentiation of erythroid cells, and study whethere p38-2G4 is involved in the differentiation of erythroid. Methods The expression of p38-2G4 in fetal liver from E10.5 to E16.5, FVA cells and MEL cells induced by SB and HMBA were detected by Western bolt. And, the hemoglobin as a marker protein of erythroid cell differentiation was detected by benzidine staining. Results The expression of p38-2G4 in fetal liver cells of different differentiating stages increased at first and then decreased; the expression of p38-2G4 during FVA cells differentiating had a same trend; but it decreased during inducing. Conclusions Differential expression of p38-2G4 in different erythroid differentiation shows that p38-2G4 is involved in mouse erythroid differentiation.

MicroRNA-34c suppress the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating c-Met

2014, 34(9):  1250-1254. 

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Objecttive To study the effect of microRNA-34c on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Expressions of microRNA-34c and c-Met protein in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and para-carcinoma tissue, c-Met mRNA and protein in HepG2.2.15 cells transfected with microRNA-34c, P53 protein in HepG2.2.15 cells transfected with microRNA-34c or c-Met siRNA were detected by qPCR and Western blot respectively. Xenograft nude mice modle of liver cancer was established and the volume of tumors was measured. Results MicroRNA-34c expression is significantly decreased in the hepatocellular carcinoma tissue compared with para-carcinoma tissue（P<0.01）,while the c-Met expression is inverse.MicroRNA-34c can inbit c-Met expression in HepG2.2.15 cells（P<0.01）.Downregulation of c-Met ehanced P53 activity（P<0.05）.MicroRNA-34c inhibited the growth of liver cancer in xenograft nude mice modle（P<0.05）. Conclusion MicroRNA-34c may play a role in suppressing the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating c-Met.

Emodin inhibits human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells proliferation and the expressions of Survivin and XIAP proteins

2014, 34(9):  1255-1259. 

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Objective　To investigate the effects of emodin on proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells and the expression of Survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein （XIAP）and the possible mechanism. Methods SKOV3 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group and emodin groups(final emodin concentration is 12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/L).The SKOV3 cells viability was measured by MTT and the cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry analysis. The changes of mRNA and protein were examined by RT-PCR and western blot respectively. Results MTT shows that the proliferation of SKOV3 cells in each group decreased in the different concentration of emodin compared with control group（P < 0. 01）; The apoptosis rate of SKOV3 cells increased in the different concentration of emodin groups respectively compared with control group（P < 0. 01）. The expression of Survivin and XIAP mRNAs and proteins in SKOV3 cells in the presence of different concentration of emodin decreased compared with control group（P<0.01）. Conclusion Emodin could induce apoptosis of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells by down-regulation of the expressions of Survivin and XIAP proteins.

Quercetol inhibited TGF-β1-induced generation of type I collagen in rheumatic cardiomyocytes

2014, 34(9):  1260-1261. 

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All-trans retinoic acid induces browning of mice white adipose cells

2014, 34(9):  1262-1263. 

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The influences and mechanisms of P53 triggerring ESCs differentiation

2014, 34(9):  1264-1267. 

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The P53 is a key tumor suppressor. Many studies have shown that P53 plays an important role in inducing ESCs differentiation. P53 binding with P21, which is one of transcriptional targets of the P53, and knockdown of nucleolin induce cell cycle arrest, G1 phase accumulation and differentiation in ESCs by up-regulating P53 protein level; Moreover, HIF2α high expression inhibiting P53 activity and promoting Aurora Kinase-P53 Signaling can maintain the “stemness” and inhibit differentiation.

Immunological mechanism of airflow limitation pulmonary diseases

2014, 34(9):  1268-1271. 

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Airflow limitation pulmonary disease,characterized by ventilatory dysfunction,which pathogenesises are complex and not elucidating. In recent years, with the rapid development of immunology, immunological mechanism of airflow limitation pulmonary diseases gradually becomes a hot spot. With the in-depth investigations of the mechanism,which provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of airflow limitation pulmonary diseases.

Progress of miRNAs in glucose homeostasis

2014, 34(9):  1272-1276. 

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are a group of single stranded small non-coding RNAs with about 22 nucleotides in length, which have been implicated in a variety of physiological processes. Recent studies have suggested that miRNAs paly central roles in insulin production, secretion and actions, as well as in glucose homeostasis.

Protective role of RAS inhibitors on cardiovascular, pancreas islet and bone tissue

2014, 34(9):  1277-1280. 

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Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors prevent the injury of cardiovascular, pancreas islet and bone tissue by inhibiting the activity of renin, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE). The bioactivators, such as Ang-(1-7) 、ATRAP、bradykinin and its derivatives, act as RAS inhibitor in vivo. The effective application of the edogenous and exogenous RAS inhibitors will play an important role in improving tissue lesions.

Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor Ibrutinib and B-cell malignancy

2014, 34(9):  1281-1284. 

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Excessive activation of Burton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) resulted in transduction of downstream signaling pathways, which led to transformation and proliferation of B cell tumors to resist apoptosis and promote cell survival. Therefore, many researchers devoted to explore key BTK inhibitors against tumor cell proliferation-related cellular signal transduction pathway. Ibrutinib has been identified as a candidated drug with efficiency on specific target –BTK. So far, ibrutinib as a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor has become an important drug against B-cell tumor drugs and the patients with B-cell tumors showed quite good response to ibrutinib in the preliminary clinical trials.

Adiponectin level and its gene polymorphisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2014, 34(9):  1285-1288. 

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Adiponectin(APN) is a newly discovered adipocytes-secreted protein having extensive biologic effect in anti-inflammatory and the regulation of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, which may inhibit the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A large number of alleles single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) appear in promoter region of adiponectin gene sequence of human. And part of SNPs are positively correlated with NAFLD, which are likely to provide a new means for the early diagnosis and therapy of NAFLD.

Gene therapy and ocular fibrotic disorders

2014, 34(9):  1289-1292. 

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Eye is one of the most suitable organs for gene therapy. With the understanding of TGF-β signaling pathway and progressing in the technology of miRNA and RNAi，Gene therapy is more promising in curing ocular fibrotic disorders. Although the gene therapy research in kinds of eye fibrotic diseases is developing rapidly, many problems need to be solved.

Progress on evaluation indexs of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury

2014, 34(9):  1293-1296. 

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The retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury often causes visual impairment, occurs during acute glaucoma IOP lowering treatment, thrombolytic treatment of retinal vascular occlusive disease and various ophthalmic surgical procedures which affect retinal blood flow, using testing indexs such as electroretinogram, malondialdehyde, transcription factors and inflammatory factors, to evaluate retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to guide clinical treatment.

Advances of chemerin and metabolic syndrome and its related diseases

2014, 34(9):  1297-1300. 

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There were a large number of adipokines secreted by adipose tissue such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin etc, all these adipokines were involved in the development of the metabolic syndrome. In recent years, an adipokine named chemerin also been reported in the pathogenesis of this disease, such as insulin resistance, lipid disorders.

Helicobacter pylori infection，P16 methylation and gastric cancer

2014, 34(9):  1301-1304. 

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P16 (CDKN2A/MTS1) gene is a cell cycle regulator involved in the inhibition of G1 phase progression and P16 methylation is associated with the progression of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most important risk factors for gastric cancer. H. pylori infection could potently induce methylation of P16 CpG island. The inactivation of P16 by methylation of CpG islands could cause gastric cancer.

Combination of multimedia technology, simulation technology with animal experiments in the training of basic surgery skills

2014, 34(9):  1305-1308. 

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Objective：To optimize the teaching model of basic surgery skills. Methods: A clinical simulation teaching center was established, and four multimedia teaching coursewares were made. After that, the multimedia and simulation technology were combined with traditional medical animal experiments in the training of medical students’ basic surgical skills. Results: After the reformation of teaching methods, the scores that medical students got in the examination of basic surgical skills improved significantly (91.8±3.4 vs. 94.4±2.3, P<0.05), both medical students and clinical teaching doctors confirmed the efficacy of this reformation. Conclusion: The exploratory combination of multimedia teaching, simulation technology and animal experiments achieved good results.