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Table of Content

    05 August 2025, Volume 45 Issue 8
    2025,45(8)Contents
    2025, 45(8):  0-0. 
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    Special Issues:Urinary Omics
    Clinical applications of urine proteome based on mass spectrometry
    WEI Jing, SUN Wei
    2025, 45(8):  982-991.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.0982
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    Urine is stable, non-invasive obtaining and has simple composition. As urine is not regulated by homeostatic mechanisms, it is easier to detect early changes of disease comparing with blood, making urine as an ideal biomarker source. In recent years, with the improvement of mass spectrometry technology and detection throughput, research in the field of clinical urine proteomics has made significant progress. Urine can not only reflect the functional changes of the disease at the tissue level, but also provide a new path for monitoring the efficacy of individualized medication. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of urine proteomics in the diagnosis of non-urinary system diseases in the past decade (2015—2024). This review also discusses the application of urine proteomics in disease monitoring, prognosis evaluation, drug efficacy assesment, and traditional Chinese medicine. Finally,future development prospects of urine proteomics are discussed.
    Quality control of urine proteome based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
    LIU Xiang, WEI Jing
    2025, 45(8):  992-998.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.0992
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    With the development of automated sample pretreatment technologies and high-throughput mass spectrometry platforms, large-scale clinical cohort-based proteomic studies have progressively achieved systematic analysis at the scale of thousands of samples and tens of thousands of proteins. However, the heterogeneity of instruments across multiple centers may introduce batch effects, systematic bias in long-term experiments, and reliability issues in detecting low-abundance biomarkers, thereby imposing higher demands on the entire workflow quality control system.This review systematically summarizes multidimensional QC parameters including sample preparation, chromatographic separation, mass spectrometric acquisition and protein identification. In particular, this review focuses on mainstream QC tools for intra-experiment and inter-experiment, emphasizing their primary functions under different acquisition modes. Finally, it discusses the feasibility of dynamically integrated algorithm-based QC models and multi-omics QC strategies in future research.
    Progress in urinary metabolomics research technologies and applications in cancer diagnosis
    CHEN Lingyun, CHEN Wensong, SUN Qinqiang, ZI Jin
    2025, 45(8):  999-1009.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.0999
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    Urine metabolomics serves as a crucial approach for discovering non-invasive biomarkers. It enables the detection of metabolite variations during disease progression and therapeutic interventions, offering novel insights for early disease diagnosis, prevention, and personalized treatment. Compared to other bodily fluids, urine exhibits distinctive advantages, including ease of collection, metabolite abundance, and the capacity to promptly reflect biochemical metabolic pathway alterations in vivo. Strict adherence to standardized protocols for sample collection and preservation is imperative in urine metabolomics research. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) are primary analytical techniques in urine metabolomics studies. Given the complex composition of urinary metabolites, appropriate analytical technologies should be selected based on specific research objectives, the combination of multiple techniques often employed to enhance the comprehensiveness and accuracy of metabolite analysis in samples. This review focuses on major technological advancements in urine metabolomics and their applications in biomarker discovery from cancer screening.
    Original Articles
    NF-κB inhibitor or NAC attenuates amiodarone-induced injury of human lung epithelial cell line BEAS-2B
    JI Zezhao, ZHANG Qi, Abuduxukuer·ABULIMITI
    2025, 45(8):  1010-1015.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1010
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    Objective To investigate the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pyroptosis in amiodarone-induced lung epithelial cell injury. Methods The viability of cells treated with amiodarone, amiodarone+N-acetylcysteine(ROS inhibitor,NAC) and amiodarone+NF-κB inhibitors was detected by MTT assay. ROS level was detected by DCFA probe and the levels of IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β and TNF-α in the supernatant were detected by ELISA; NLRP3. Caspase-1 p20 and GSDMD-N protein were detected by Western blot. Results Amiodarone concentration-dependently reduced cell viability(P<0.05), NAC and NF-κB attenuated the cytotoxicity of amiodarone(P<0.05). Amiodarone increased levels of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory factors and pyroptosis-related proteins in lung epithelial cells(P<0.05), while NAC and NF-κB inhibitors reduced the levels of these indicators(P<0.05). Conclusions NF-κB inhibitor or NAC attenuates amiodarone-induced injury of human lung epithelial cell line in vitro.
    Stable knockout of ACSS3 in lung cancer cell line using CRISPR/Cas 9 technology
    HUANG Qianqian, JIA Yufang, YU Huajun,CHEN Rongrong,CHEN Lili, WU Jun, ZHANG Haitao
    2025, 45(8):  1016-1021.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1016
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    Objective To explore the effect of acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 3(ACSS3) gene on the proliferation of human large cell lung cancer cells(NCI-H460) using CRISPR/Cas 9 gene editing technology. Methods The expression of ACSS3 was detected by Western blot. ACSS3-targeting sgRNAs were designed, and a CRISPR/Cas 9 knockout vector was constructed and transfected into NCI-H460 cells. The transfected cells were selected with puromycin based on vector-carried resistance. ACSS3-knockout monoclonal cell strains were established by limited dilution method and then expanded in culture. Knockout efficiency was confirmed by Western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed using MTT and colony formation assays. Results The expression of ACSS3 was significantly elevated in NCI-H460 cells as compared with human normal lung epithelial cells BEAS-2B(P<0.05). No ACSS3 protein was detected in the knockout monoclonal strain, indicating successful generation of ACSS3-knockout NCI-H460 cells. Compared with the control cells transfected with empty vector, the proliferation and colony formation ability were inhibited in NCI-H460 cells with ACSS3 knockout(P<0.05). Conclusions The ACSS3-knockout NCI-H460 cell strain was successfully established, which provides a foundation for further study on the role of ACSS3 in lung cancer.
    High fat diet aggravates intestinal barrier damage in mice with irritable bowel syndrome
    ZHAO Cuijuan, AO Min, WU Wenbo, LI Yanhua
    2025, 45(8):  1022-1027.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1022
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    Objective To explore the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of high fat diet (HFD) on intestinal barrier damage and inflammatory reaction in mice with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) induced by sodium dextran sulfate (DSS). Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6): Normal group, DSS group (1.5% DSS solution for one week), HFD+DSS group, and HFD+DSS+WY14643 group(intraperitoneally injected daily with PPARα agonist WY14643 6 mg/kg). The body weight and liver weight of mice were measured. Colon pathology was observed by HE staining. The protein expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) and occludin was detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-β (IL-1β), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were determined by qRT-PCR. PPARα protein expression was determined by Western blot. Results The body weight and liver weight of mice in the HFD+DSS group were significantly higher than those in the DSS group (P<0.001).HE staining showed normal colonic tissue structure in Normal group, while other three groups exhibited varying degrees of mucosal damage with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial cell shedding. Among these, the HFD+DSS group displayed the most severe intestinal mucosal damage and inflammatory infiltration. Compared with the DSS group, the HFD+DSS group showed decreased ZO-1 and Occludin protein expression (P<0.001), elevated TNF-α, IL-1 β, and IL-17 mRNA levels(all P<0.001), and downregulated PPARα protein expression(P<0.01).Compared with the HFD+DSS group, mice in HFD+DSS+WY14643 group showed improvement in intestinal mucosal damage and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells. The protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin in colon of mice in the HFD+DSS+WY14643 was increased (all P<0.05), while the expression of TNF-α, IL-1 β, and IL-17 mRNA was downregulated (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the protein expression of PPAR α was upregulated(P<0.05). Conclusions HFD-induced obesity aggravates intestinal mucosal damage, intestinal barrier destruction and inflammatory response in IBS mice, and its molecular mechanism is potentially related to downregulation of PPARα expression in intestinal tissues.
    Propofol alleviates neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation in rats
    GAO Yandong, BIAN Burong, WANG Bo
    2025, 45(8):  1028-1033.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1028
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    Objective To evaluate the improvement effect and mechanism of propofol on neuropathic pain(NP) model rats induced by spinal nerve ligation(SNL). Methods An SNL rat model was established, and 30 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into SNL group, propofol+SNL group and propofol+7-N1(7-nitroindazole)+SNL group(n=10 each),with sham group as control(n=10). After propofol intervention, Von Frey method was applied to detect mechanical hypersensitivity in rats. The hot claw foot analgesic device was applied to detect the latent period of the heat contraction foot reflex. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method was applied to detect the expression level of interleukin-6(IL-6) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in the spinal cord of rats. RT-qPCR method was used to detect the mRNA expressions of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3), arginase-1(Arg-1) and cluster of differentiation 68(CD68) in the spinal dorsal horn. Western blot was applied to detect the expression level of proteins related to the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling pathway. Results Compared with the sham group, the mechanical foot contraction reflex threshold, thermal foot contraction reflex latency, and the expression level of Arg-1 mRNA, endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) and soluble guanylate cyclase(sGCa) proteins were significantly reduced in the SNL group(P<0.05), the level of IL-6 and IFN-γ and the expression level of SOCS3, CD68 mRNA and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) protein were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with the SNL group, the mechanical foot reflex threshold, thermal foot reflex latency of rats in the propofol+SNL group, the expression level of Arg-1 mRNA, eNOS and sGCa protein were significantly increased(P<0.05), the level of IL-6 and IFN-γ and the expression of SOCS3, CD68 mRNA and iNOS protein were all decreased(P<0.05). The NO/cGMP signaling pathway inhibitor 7-N1 reversed the improvement effect of propofol on SNL rats(P<0.05). Conclusions Propofol alleviates NP and injury in SNL rats by activating the NO/cGMP signaling pathway.
    Effect of body weight and length on carotid artery vascular stenosis induced by balloon strain in rats
    CHEN Tianwang, LUO Jiawei, YUAN Yidan, YANG Yimin, HUANG Bo, XU Shangfu, LI Lisheng
    2025, 45(8):  1034-1040.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1034
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    Objective To investigate the effects of body weight and length of SD rats on the carotid artery balloon injury-induced vascular stenosis model in order to provide a reference for replicating an ideal vascular stenosis model. Methods Male rats were divided into three groups based on body weight and length. The CONQUERORTM SC PTCA balloon catheter was employed, with a fixed balloon inflation volume of 0.2 mL to induce injury in the left common carotid artery, while the right side served as a control. As soon as surgery operation, one rat from each group was selected for Evans Blue dye verification. Fourteen days later, the injured and contra lateral common carotid arteries from remaining rats were harvested for HE staining to check the extent of stenosis. Based on these findings, six rats within the optimal range of body weight and length were selected for further validation. Results Rats with body weights ranging from 280 to 380 g (corresponding body lengths of 21.0-26.5 cm) underwent balloon catheter injury, resulting in endothelial detachment and varying degrees of stenosis in the common carotid artery. In rats weighing 280-300 g (body lengths of 21.0-22.5 cm) had severe stenosis or occlusion of the common carotid artery with thrombosis. In rats weighing 320-340 g (body lengths of 23.0-24.5 cm), the internal and external elastic plates of the common carotid artery were ruptured and the vascular morphology was abnormal. Conversely, rats weighing 360-380 g (body lengths of 25.0-26.5 cm) did not show any ruptured elastic laminae or thrombus formation in the common carotid artery, and the extent of vascular stenos in rats with a body weight of 360 g was moderate and uniform. The results of the repeated validation experiments were consistent. Conclusions Rats with a body weight range of 360 g (corresponding body length of 25.0-26.5 cm) are suitable for development of an ideal vascular stenosis model.
    Correlation of serum miR-185-3p and miR-3194-5p with the severity of coronary artery lesions
    CHEN Yanxun, ZHAO Feilong, YANG Jing
    2025, 45(8):  1041-1047.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1041
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    Objective To study the correlation of serum miR-185-3p and miR-3194-5p with lesion severity of coronary artery. Methods A total of 88 patients with coronary artery disease, diagnosed and treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology between January 2021 and July 2024, were enrolled as the research group. This group comprised 40 patients in the low-score subgroup and 48 in the high-score subgroup. The control group consisted of 36 healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations during the same period. The level of miR-185-3p and miR-3194-5p in serum was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT- qPCR) method. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the correlation between serum miR-185-3p and miR-3194-5p levels in the research group. The correlation between the levels of miR-185-3p and miR-3194-5p with the severity of coronary artery disease were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of high-score coronary heart disease lesions. ROC curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum miR-185-3p and miR-3194-5p levels for high-score lesions in clinical coronary heart disease. Results The serum miR-185-3p level in the control group was significantly lower than that in the research group, and the miR-185-3p level in the low-score group was lower than that in the high-score group (P<0.05). The miR-3194-5p level in the research group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the miR-3194-5p level in the high-score group was lower than that in the low-score group (P<0.05). Serum miR-185-3p and miR-3194-5p in the research group were negatively correlated (P<0.05), and both were correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of diabetes, hypertension, apolipoprotein B, fasting blood glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum miR-185-3p and miR-3194-5p were all the influencing factors for the occurrence of coronary heart disease with high score (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for the combined diagnosis of miR-185-3p and miR-3194-5p in high-score coronary heart disease lesions was significantly higher than that for their individual diagnosis (P<0.05). Conclusions The serum miR-185-3p level in the research group is significantly higher than that in the control group, and the miR-3194-5p level is lower than the control group. The serum miR-185-3p level is positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease, while the serum miR-3194-5p level is negatively correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease. The combined detection of the two is of great significance for the clinical diagnosis of high-score lesions in coronary heart disease.
    Scutellarin inhibits proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cell line MGC803
    JIA Chunliang, LIANG Lei, LI Hansong, WANG Jian, ZHANG Lei, LI Qingke, YAO Yuan
    2025, 45(8):  1048-1053.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1048
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    Objective To explore the effect of scutellarin(SCU) through regulation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 signaling pathway on the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells line MGC803. Methods To select SCUs with concentrations of 100, 250, and 500 nmol/L for subsequent experiments; MGC803 gastric cancer cells were separated into a control group, SCU-L group(100 nmol/L), SCU-M group (250 nmol/L),SCU-H group (500 nmol/L), SCU-H+PMA group(NF-κB activator, 200 nmol/L PMA). Cell plate cloning experiments were applied to detect cell proliferation. Scratch healing experiment was used to detect the migration of MGC803 cells; Tran swell assay was used to detect the invasive ability of MGC803 cells; Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 in the supernatant of MGC803 cells; Western blot detection of NF-κB p65 pathway related protein expression. Results SCU inhibited proliferation of MGC803 in a concentration dependent manner. SCU concentrations of 100, 250, and 500 nmol/L were selected for subsequent experiments. Compared with the control group, the number of cell clones formed, scratch healing rate, number of invasive cells, IL-10 level and p-p65/p65 ratio all decreased in SCU-L group, SCU-M group, and SCU-H group, while IFN-γ and IL-4 increased(P<0.05). Compared with the SCU-H group, the number of cell clones, scratch healing rate, number of invasive cells, IL-10 level, and p-p65/p65 ratio obviously increased in the SCU-H+PMA group, while IFN-γ and IL-4 level significantly reduced(P<0.05). Conclusions SCU may inhibit the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cell line MGC803.
    Expression of KIF23 in rectal cancer tissues is correlated with prognosis
    WU Haifeng, LI Xiaolong, LI Fang, CHEN Xiaohua, SONG Rui, HAN Xue
    2025, 45(8):  1054-1058.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1054
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    Objective To investigate the expression of kinesin family member 23 (KIF23) in rectal cancer and its association with prognosis. Methods This study included 90 patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgical treatment at the First Central Hospital of Baoding from May 2017 to October 2019. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect KIF23 expression, and the results were analyzed in combination with clinical and pathological data. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between KIF23 expression and patient prognosis. Results Compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, the expression level of KIF23 protein was significantly higher in rectal cancer tissues. Positive expression of KIF23 was significantly correlated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis in rectal cancer patients (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that individuals expressing high levels of KIF23 experienced notably diminished disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) relative to those with low KIF23 expression(P<0.05). Cox regression analysis revealed that advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and elevated KIF23 expression served as an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with rectal cancer (P<0.05). Conclusions The expression level of KIF23 is closely related to the prognosis of rectal cancer.
    Gypenoside inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cell line PC-3
    ZOU Qingbo, ZHANG Guochen, PAN Changjing
    2025, 45(8):  1059-1065.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1059
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    Objective To investigate the effects of gypenoside(Gyp) on proliferation, migration and invasion of human prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Methods PC-3 cells were treated with 200-1 200 μg/mL Gyp to determine the optimal concentration. PC-3 cells were divided into control, Gyp-L group(400 μg/mL), Gyp-M group(600 μg/mL) and Gyp-H group(800 μg/mL), and Gyp-H+8-bromo-cAMP group(100 μmol/L PKA activator). Colony formation assay was applied to detect cell proliferation. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Scratch experiment was applied to detect the migration ability. Transwell assay was applied to detect the invasive ability. ELISA experiment was applied to detect cAMP level in each group. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, PKA and CREB proteins. Results Gyp inhibited PC-3 proliferation in a concentration dependent manner. Gyp concentration of 400, 600 and 800 μg/mL was selected for subsequent experiments. Compared with the control group, colony formation, number of invasive cells, scratch healing rate, the levels of Snail,N-cadherin, PKA, cAMP, and CREB proteins in the Gyp-L, Gyp-M, and Gyp-H groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05),but the apoptosis rate as well as the level of E-cadherin protein were significantly increased(P<0.05). PKA activator attenuated the inhibitory effect of Gyp on the malignant behavior of prostate cancer cells. Conclusions Gyp inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion, and promotes apoptosis in prostate cancer cell line PC-3.
    RPRD1B is highly expressed in human ovarian cancer cell lines and promotes tumor cell proliferation
    TIAN Ye, HE Quan, WANG Xiaojuan
    2025, 45(8):  1066-1072.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1066
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    Objective To explore the role of regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA-domain-containing 1B(RPRD1B)in human ovarian cancer. Methods The expression level of RPRD1B in ovarian cancer was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot experiments. Based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system and lentiviral system, the A2780 and SKOV3 cell lines with RPRD1B gene knockout and over-expression were respectively constructed, and their functions in ovarian cancer were verified by wound-healing assay, Transwell assay and mouse subcutaneous tumor formation model. Results RPRD1B was highly expressed in ovarian cancer cell lines (P<0.001). Knockout of RPRD1B inhibited the colony formation and proliferation ability of ovarian cancer cells (P<0.001), as well as the cell migration (P<0.05) and invasion ability (P<0.001). Meanwhile, knockout of RPRD1B inhibited the tumorigenesis ability of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines in vivo (P<0.001). Conclusions RPRD1B is highly expressed in human ovarian cancer cell lines and promotes the growth of subcutaneous tumors in mice.
    Knockdown of translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A enhances gefitinib sensitivity to lung cancer cell line PC-9
    CHEN Lei,REN Weihao,WANG Lide
    2025, 45(8):  1073-1077.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1073
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    Objective To explore the alteration and function of TIMM8A during gefitinib-induced growth inhibition of lung cancer cell line PC-9. Methods TIMM8A siRNA transfection experiment was used to inhibit the expression of TIMM8A in PC-9 and gefitinib resistant PC-9 cells (PC-9-MTAC). CCK-8 assay was carried out to assess PC-9 and PC-9-MTAC cell viability after gefitinib treatment or TIMM8A siRNA transfection. qPCR was used to determine TIMM8A expression in PC-9 or PC-9-MTAC cells. Results Gefitinib inhibited PC-9 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of TIMM8A was inhibited during this process, and more than 50% TIMM8A expression had been inhibited by 25 nmol/L gefitinib, while knockdown of TIMM8A enhanced inhibitory effects of gefitinib on PC-9 cell proliferation(P<0.05). Compared with the sensitive cells, treatment of the gefitinib-resistant PC-9-MTAC with 100 nmol/L gefitinib for 48 h only inhibited approximately 30% of TIMM8A expression. Furthermore, inhibition of TIMM8A expression enhanced the sensitivity of PC-9-MTAC cells to gefitinib(P<0.05). Conclusions Low expression of TIMM8A improves anti-tumor effects of gefitinib in lung cancer cell line PC-9.
    Clinical Sciences
    Evaluation the clinical efficacy of vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)
    Wulan, WEI Chang, LI Yingzhen, LUAN Chunsheng
    2025, 45(8):  1078-1082.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1078
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    Objective OCTA analysis was employed to assess the alterations in retinal microcirculation following vitrectomy in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Methods The clinical data of 60 eyes from 60 diabetic retinopathy patients who accepted vitrectomy from Mar.2022 to May.2024 in Daqing Oilfield General Hospital were analyzed prospectively.The preoperative and postoperative outcomes of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) were compared at baseline, as well as at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months following surgery. Results There was statistically significant differences in IOP between preoperative and postoperative 1 day and 1 week (P<0.01). There were significant differences in BCVA and CMT observed prior to surgery, as well as at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-surgery (P<0.01). FAZ and RPC exhibited significant differences prior to surgery, as well as at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively(P<0.01).The SVD, DVD, and RNFL exhibited significant differences prior to surgery and at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively(P<0.01). Conclusions Vitrectomy can substantially enhance the visual acuity of patients with DR, and this improvement tends to stabilize approximately one month post-surgery, potentially correlating with the stability of central macular thickness(CMT)observed in patients at that time. The procedure can significantly decrease intraocular pressure in patients, and FAZ along with the radial peripapillary capillaries(RPC)in the macular region exhibited earlier improvement postoperatively.
    Correlation between inflammatory response-related indicators and poor outcomes of in-hospital patients with symptomatic stroke
    LI Nan, ZHANG Guitao, WANG Bin, FENG Yao, LI Shujuan, ZHOU Yinghua
    2025, 45(8):  1083-1087.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1083
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    Objective To analyze the correlation between inflammation indicators(systemic inflammatory response syndrome and systemic immune-inflammation index) and adverse outcomes in patients with symptomatic stroke during hospitalization. Methods This study was a prospective cohort study including consecutive patients with symptomatic stroke who were hospitalized in Fuwai Hospital from January to September 2023. The past medical history, clinical symptoms and signs of the patients were collected. The neurological damage was evaluated with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS). Laboratory test results were recorded and the SIRI and SII index were calculated. Patients were followed up for 90 days after the stroke, and their neurological outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale. A score of 0-1 was classified as good outcome, and a score ≥2 was classified as poor outcome. The correlation between inflammatory response indicators and poor outcomes was assessed using multiple Logistic regression. Results A total of 97 patients with in-hospital symptomatic stroke were included with an average age of 61.8±12.7 years. Among them, there were 28 females(28.9%, 28/97), 9 with a history of prior stroke(9.3%, 9/97), 15 with atrial fibrillation(15.5%, 15/97), 16 with heart failure(16.5%, 16/97), and 7 with myocardial infarction(7.2%, 7/97). Correlation analysis showed that the NIHSS score at the time of stroke onset was significantly correlated with the patient's post-stroke SIRI(r=0.237, P<0.05) and SII(r=0.234, P<0.05). After 90 days of follow-up, 41 cases (42.3%, 41/97) had a poor outcome. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that post-stroke SIRI(Or=4.71, 95% CI:1.24-17.90) and SII(Or=3.13, 95% CI:0.88-11.06) were correlated with poor outcomes within 90 days after the stroke. Analysis using restricted cubic splines showed that as the levels of SIRI and SII increased, the risk of poor outcomes in patients with in-hospital symptomatic stroke increased. Conclusions SIRI is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in patients with in-hospital symptomatic stroke, and the risk of poor neurological outcomes increases with high level of SIRI.
    Mini Reviews
    Research progress of LSD1 in regulating tumor immune mechanisms
    LONG Lijuan, SONG Songze, YE Qinong, LIN Jing
    2025, 45(8):  1088-1092.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1088
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    Lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1) plays a regulatory role in tumor immunity. LSD1 affects CD8+T cell infiltration by regulating AGO2 protein level, and it is required for normal B cell proliferation and differentiation via reducing local chromatin accessibility. LSD1 inhibition promotes NK cell cytotoxicity of cancer cells through restoring the expression of ULBPs. LSD1 affects the resistance of M1 macrophages to oxidative stress by regulating the level of SOD2; In addition, regulating the expression of LSD1 affects the anti-tumor function of CD19 CAR-T cells and immune checkpoint blockers. The development of drugs targeting LSD1 will provide new ideas for immunotherapy of tumors.
    The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia
    ZHU Qihai, ZHANG Yu
    2025, 45(8):  1093-1097.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1093
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    HIF-1α, a key transcription factor for cellular adaptation to hypoxia, plays a significant role in the development of sarcopenia. In the context of long-term chronic hypoxia, the expression level of HIF-1α is abnormal. It functions in the development of sarcopenia by regulating multiple signaling pathways, including iron metabolism, mitochondrial function, angiogenesis, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and protein synthesis and metabolism. Moreover, the overactivation of HIF-1α may lead to dysfunction of satellite cells, thereby reducing the capacity for muscle regeneration and repair.
    Role of protein tyrosine kinase-2 in gynecological tumors
    QIN Yi, WANG Xiaoyan
    2025, 45(8):  1098-1102.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1098
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    Protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) is an important non-receptor tyrosine kinase that functions through both kinase-dependent and kinase-independent pathways. PTK2 can activate the downstream pathways through integrin-mediated adhesion signal transduction, regulating tumor cell proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, PTK2 can also remodel the tumor microenvironment, promote tumor metastasis, angiogenesis and immune escape. A large number of studies have shown that PTK2 is highly expressed in various gynecological cancers, and its expression level is significantly associated with tumor stage, poor prognosis and clinical drug resistance. Therefore, PTK2 is expected to serve as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for gynecological malignancies in the future.
    Advances in obesity promoting asthma exacerbations
    XIANG Yunxuan, CHANG Xiaoyue
    2025, 45(8):  1103-1107.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1103
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    Obesity can promote asthma exacerbations by a complex mechanism of action involving multi-system interactions such as mechanomechanics, inflammatory response, genetic inheritance, microbial composition and metabolic syndrome. Obesity reduces the compliance of lung tissue and chest wall, increases airway resistance, leads to airway narrowing, and aggravates asthma symptoms. Obesity can increase the release of inflammatory factors and aggravate the airway inflammatory response in asthma. Obesity can increase the risk of asthma by genetically influencing the obesity phenotype. Obesity can affect the development of asthma by altering the composition of the microbiota. Obesity can also worsen asthma by causing a series of metabolic syndrome. In conclusion,the mechanisms associated with obesity-promoted asthma involve multi-system interactions. Targeted metabolic drugs and biologics also show great potential in the treatment of obesity-associated asthma.
    Medical Education
    Development of medical risk awareness in clinical teaching of oral medicine
    LI Zhen, WAN Kuo, JIANG Jinming, ZHANG Xiaowei, YANG Wendong
    2025, 45(8):  1108-1111.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1108
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    In light of the professional characteristics of oral medicine, oral medical students may be challenged with higher medical risks during the clinical internship stage. This article analyzes the potential risk factors in the process of oral medicine internships and proposes corresponding preventive strategies, aiming to ensure medical safety and promote the healthy development of medical students.
    Application of flipped classroom in endocrine system integrated course for students from 4+4 clinical medicine pilot class
    ZHU Lei, LI Naishi, ZHU Huijuan, DUAN Lian, XIA Weibo, CHAI Xiaofeng, CHEN Houzao, YE Caiying
    2025, 45(8):  1112-1115.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1112
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    Objective To evaluate the application of flipped classroom(FC) approach in endocrine system integrated course for students from 4+4 clinical medicine pilot class at Peking Union Medical College(PUMC). Methods The study included the students of 4+4 clinical medicine pilot class grades 2019—2023 in PUMC.The students of grades 2019—2021(n=77) served as the control receiving traditional teaching method, while the students of grades 2022 and 2023(n=76) were selected as the experimental group, which were taught by FC approach. The selected teaching content is thyroid theme. The scoring rates of thyroid related questions in the final exam were assessed and a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate teaching satisfaction and effectiveness. Results The scoring rates of experimental group were significantly higher as compared to that of control group(P<0.05). Over 90% of the students in the experimental group strongly satisfied or satisfied with the teaching content arrangement, design form, classroom atmosphere, teacher-student interaction of FC and expressed willingness to continue with this methodology. In addition, over 90% of the students strongly agreed or agreed that FC stimulated learning interest, improved self-learning ability, strengthened the connection between theory and clinical practice, inspired clinical reasoning, enhanced the abilities to analyze and solve problems, and cultivated communication and teamwork skills. Conclusions The application of FC approach in endocrine system integrated course achieved excellent teaching outcomes with high satisfaction of the students.
    Development of a stratified training program for operating room nurses in tertiary hospitals based on the Delphi method
    WANG Huizhen, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Linjuan, AN Jingjing, MU Li, ZHAO Lin, SUN Yuhong
    2025, 45(8):  1116-1120.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.08.1116
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    Objective To develop a tiered training framework for operating room nurses in tertiary hospitals, providing guidance for corresponding training curriculum development and clinical competency evaluation. Methods Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation on the preliminary training indicators, establishing a comprehensive tiered training framework for operating room nurses. Results After two rounds of expert consultation, a tiered training framework for operating room nurses was constructed, which includes 6 primary indicators, 19 secondary indicators and 62 tertiary indicators. The response rate of the two rounds of expert consultation for valid questionnaires were all over 99% and the expert authority coefficients were all over 0.87. Conclusions The consulted experts have good enthusiasm and authority; the developed framework comprehensively covers training content, laying a foundation for designing and implementing tiered training programs for operating room nurses.