Abstract: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a serious complication of sepsis leading to neurological dysfunction. The pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy is complex, and studies have proved that it is closely related to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, pyroptosis, blood-brain barrier disruption, etc.. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a multiprotein complex mediating inflammatory response and participating in innate immunity, is involved in occurence and developing of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosi and autophagy. Traditional Chinese medicine plays a role in preventing and treating sepsis-associated encephalopathy, and studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine intervention significantly inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. This article discusses the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and sepsis-associated encephalopathy. It reviews the potential and promise of traditional Chinese medicine targeting NLRP3 inflammasome as a treatment for the corresponding conditions, to provide valuable references and assistance for future sepsis-associated encephalopathy treatment strategies.

Key words: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy, NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 protein, Inflammation, Phytotherapy, Review

摘要： 脓毒症相关性脑病是脓毒症导致神经功能障碍的严重并发症，发病机制复杂，与神经炎症、氧化应激、细胞焦亡、血脑屏障损伤等密切相关。核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎症小体是一种介导炎症反应、参与固有免疫的多蛋白复合体，NLRP3炎症小体的激活与细胞凋亡、细胞焦亡、铁死亡和自噬等有关，参与脓毒症相关性脑病的发生发展。中药干预可抑制NLRP3炎症小体的激活，对减轻脓毒症相关性脑病症状具有一定疗效。本文探讨NLRP3炎症小体与脓毒症相关性脑病的关系，综述传统中药通过干预NLRP3炎症小体的激活治疗脓毒症相关性脑病的潜力，旨在为未来脓毒症相关性脑病的治疗策略提供有价值的参考。

关键词: 脓毒症相关性脑病, NLR家族，热蛋白结构域包含蛋白3, 炎症, 植物药疗法, 综述