25 February 2026, Volume 26 Issue 2
    

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  • The paradigm shift in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
    JI Yong, WANG Pan
    Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2026, 26(2): 105-108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease(AD) has undergone the fundamental shift, moving from clinical symptom-based approach to the focus on precise pathological changes. This paper focuses on the diagnostic advances and future prospects of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, blood biomarkers, and molecular imaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, aiming to provide guidance for the early and accurate diagnosis of the disease.
  • New era in Alzheimer's disease therapeutics: transitioning from symptomatic management to disease-modifying paradigms
    CHEN Xiao-chun, LIAO Jiang-feng
    Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2026, 26(2): 109-111. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.002
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    The management of Alzheimer's disease(AD) is transitioning from symptomatic management to disease - modifying therapy(DMT). Conventional pharmacologic treatments provide only symptomatic relief and do not alter disease progression. Anti-amyloid β-protein(Aβ) monoclonal antibody drugs, exemplified by Lecanemab and Donanemab, have demonstrated efficacy in slowing cognitive decline in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. Improved access through insurance coverage and optimized dosing regimens has enhanced treatments availability; however, their use remains restricted to well-defined populations, mandating rigorous biomarker-based patient selection, and ongoing safety surveillance. Recent years have witnessed rapid advances in novel agents targeting tau pathology and neuroinflammation, as well as in technologies designed to enhance blood-brain barrier(BBB) penetration. Non-pharmacological interventions and immune cell-based therapies also show promising synergistic effects. Looking ahead,future strategies should focus on earlier intervention, promotion of precision medicine and combination therapies, and integration of multimodal approaches to transform Alzheimer's disease into a preventable and manageable disorder.
    • Standard and Guidelines
  • Consensus on diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease
    Congress of Neuro-Degenerative Diseases Committee of Chinese Society of Microcirculation
    Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2026, 26(2): 112-128. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.003
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    With the escalating global aging population, Alzheimer's disease(AD) has imposed social and economic burden on public health systems worldwide. In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and disease-modifying therapy(DMT), which simultaneously present new directions and challenges for clinical practice. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop standardized protocols aligned with current clinical diagnosis and treatment requirements. By comprehensively searching Alzheimer's disease-related literatures, including Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and cohort studies, we adopted modified Grades of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation(GRADE) system to grade the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations, the "Consensus on diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease" has been compiled, integrating key application points of integrating multimodal techniques such as neuropsychological assessment, neuroimaging and biomarkers, while balancing clinical applicability with cutting-edge evidence, to propose a practical framework and expert recommendations for the standardized diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
  • Expert consensus on the selection of accessory examinations for cognitive dysfunction disorders based on the biomarker diagnostic framework
    Neurodegenerative Disease Special Committee, China Association for Promotion of Health Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation
    Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2026, 26(2): 129-143. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.004
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    Cognitive dysfunction disorders have emerged as a major public health challenge in aging societies, early precise diagnosis and management are even more challenging. Using the ATN biomarker diagnostic framework for Alzheimer's disease(AD) as a paradigm, promoting biomarker-based precision diagnosis has become an important concept in the field of cognitive dysfunction disorders diagnosis and treatment. However, the diagnostic efficacy of the ATN framework has certain limitations.Therefore, the new diagnostic pathway advocates the starting from the clinical cognitive dysfunction characteristics of patients to form preliminary diagnostic hypotheses, which then serve as the entry point for selecting biomarkers. To improve the assessment system, develop reasonable accessory examination pathways, and prioritize biomarkers with the highest informational value, the "Expert consensus on the selection of accessory examinations for cognitive dysfunction disorders based on the biomarker diagnostic framework" has been compiled. This consensus integrates a systematic summary of current domestic and international evidence, aiming to assist clinicians in the rational and effective use of diagnostic biomarkers.By promoting standardized diagnostic and management practices, this consensus seeks to enhance the efficiency of clinical decision-making, enabling accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction disorders with minimal yet informative testing.
  • Interpretation of "Specification for interdisciplinary team service of the elderly with cognitive impairment"
    LI Wen-jie, SONG Yue-tao, Lü Ji-hui
    Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2026, 26(2): 144-151. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.005
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    The "Specification for interdisciplinary team service of the elderly with cognitive impairment"(T/CAWAORG 053-2025, the Specification) is an implementation guideline developed by the Chinese Aging Well Association for elderly patients with cognitive impairment. It aims to provide standardized multidisciplinary team service protocols for medical institutions in the diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients with cognitive impairment. This article interprets the core contents of the Specification,with particular emphasis on the specific implementation methods of multidisciplinary team services for elderly patients with cognitive impairment under the "bio-psycho-social-environmental-engineering" model.The purpose is to assist relevant medical institutions and care teams in thoroughly understanding and effectively implementing the requirements of the Specification, thereby promoting the standardized and systematic development of interdisciplinary team service models.
    • China Alzheimer's Disease Cohort Study
  • Comparison between the MIND-China study and similar international large-scale cohort studies
    WANG Xiao-yu, DU Yi-feng
    Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2026, 26(2): 152-160. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.006
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    Alzheimer's disease(AD) continuum is characterized by an insidious onset and a continuous disease spectrum, making early identification particularly challenging. Its initiation and progression result from complex interactions among amyloid β-protein(Aβ) and microtuble-associated protein tau pathologies, vascular factors, genetic susceptibility, and other multifactorial mechanisms.Achieving precise staging across the AD continuum and implementing timely interventions are pivotal to delaying disease progression. Centered on the Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China(MIND-China) study, contextualized within evidence from similar international large-scale cohort studies, this article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, imaging characteristics, multimodal biological markers, emerging intervention strategies, and looking ahead to future development directions across the AD continuum. The aim is provide an evidence-based medical evidence for formulating an early identification, risk stratification and comprehensive prevention and control system for Alzheimer's disease that suits China's national conditions.
    • Dementia-associated Cognitive Impairment
  • Progress on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
    WANG Pu-yun, WANG Cai-xia, JIA Yan-hong, SUN Yong-jie, LIU Mei-li, LIANG Fu-ru
    Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2026, 26(2): 161-168. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.007
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    The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD) has not been fully elucidated to date,posing tremendous challenges for clinical treatment. An in-depth exploration of its pathogenesis is of great significance for early screening, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AD. This paper comprehensively reviews numerous research hotspots in the pathogenesis of AD in recent years, including amyloid β-protein(Aβ) hypothesis, tau protein and neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs) hypothesis, neuroinflammatory hypothesis,oxidative stress injury hypothesis, vascular dysfunction hypothesis, synaptic dysfunction and neurotransmitter changes hypothesis, gut-brain axis hypothesis, and gene mutation hypothesis, so as to provide references for the early diagnosis and effective treatment.
  • Progress on frontotemporal dementia
    XU Yu-xuan, NAN Hai-tian, CHU Min, WU Li-yong
    Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2026, 26(2): 169-178. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.008
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    Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common type of early-onset dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD), severely impairing patients' quality of life and increasing the burden of family care. Currently, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers for its diagnosis, and reliance on clinical manifestations is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Additionally, there are no approved specific treatments for FTD, and the efficacy of existing therapeutic treatments remains limited. With the deepening research on the genetic mechanisms of FTD, the diagnostic and therapeutic treatments based on this have significant application prospects. This study systematically summarizes research findings in the fields of genetic mechanism, pathological classification, diagnosis and therapeutic treatments of FTD in recent years, aiming to provide a reference for comprehensive understanding of disease's pathogenesis and clinical characteristics, and to lay a foundation for exploring novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Advance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    LIAO Jiang-feng, CHEN Xiao-chun
    Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2026, 26(2): 179-187. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.009
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    The paradigm for diagnosing and treating Alzheimer's disease(AD) is undergoing a profound transformation, moving towards a biomarker-driven and early-intervention-oriented stage. In diagnosis, the emergence of high-performance biomarkers such as plasma p-tau217 has significantly advanced the ultra-early detection of AD pathology, substantially shifting the diagnostic window forward.Meanwhile, multimodal molecular imaging techniques based on the ATN(VIS) biomarkers diagnosis framework, including amyloid β-protein(Aβ)-PET and tau-PET, enable in vivo visualization and typing of pathological burden, greatly enhancing diagnostic accuracy. The therapeutic field has also witnessed significant progress, with anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody drugs like Lecanemab and Donanemab receiving approval, demonstrating that disease-modifying therapy(DMT) targeting core pathology can effectively delay clinical decline. Current research has expanded to multiple pathological mechanisms, such as Aβ, tau and neuroinflammation, alongside active exploration of personalized combination therapy strategies. Future challenges lie in promoting the clinical translation and equitable application of these innovations to address the growing public health burden. This article systematically reviews the latest advancements in the field of biomarkers diagnosis and targeted therapy for AD, aiming to provide important references for establishing an early and precise diagnosis and treatment system and promoting clinical translation applications.
  • Advance in Lecanemab therapy for Alzheimer's disease
    QIANG Qi-qi, LIU Pei-jie, CUI Si-meng, QU Qiu-min
    Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2026, 26(2): 188-193. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.010
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    Deposition of amyloid β-protein(Aβ) in the brain is a key pathogenesis and early change in Alzheimer's disease(AD). Clearing Aβ through anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody drugs is an important strategy for disease-modifying thrapy(DMT). Lecanemab is the first approved anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody durg for early therapy, and growing evidence has shown that Lecanemab could clear Aβ deposition and slow progress of AD. This article systematically summarizes the evidence for Lecanemab in treating AD, the results of the early-phase clinical studies, the phase Ⅲ clinical trials, open label extension(OLE) trials and long-term follow-up data, and ongoing clinical research, with the aim of providing clinical guidance on the safety, efficacy and applicability of AD treatment.
  • Multimodal cognitive rehabilitation interventions for cognitive dysfunction disorders
    GAO Lu, BI Min, JIANG Bin, WANG Jing, NI Guo-xin, ZHENG Kun-mu
    Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2026, 26(2): 194-202. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.011
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    Cognitive dysfunction disorders are characterized by acquired and persistent cognitive dysfunction as the disease core manifestation, which has become the major public health issue and threatening the health of middle-aged and elderly population. Given the limited efficacy of conventional pharmacological interventions and failing to effectively halt or reverse disease progression, non-pharmacological interventions, particularly multimodal and personalized cognitive rehabilitation interventions, have gained increasing importance in recent years. This review systematically elucidates the neuroplasticity mechanisms underlying cognitive rehabilitation interventions, detailing the theoretical foundations and practical implementation of core intervention strategies, including cognitive stimulation,cognitive training, and personalized cognitive rehabilitation. Furthermore, it delves into the synergistic effects and multimodal integration potential of digitally assisted interventions, non-invasive brain stimulation(NIBS), and various forms of physical activity within the framework of cognitive rehabilitation interventions.The future artificial intelligence(AI)-driven assessment system that integrates neuroimaging,electrophysiological, and molecular biomarkers would enable precise monitoring of cognitive rehabilitation interventions efficacy and the dynamic optimization of personalized intervention interventions. This integrated approach could offer novel perspectives for advancing prevention and treatment strategies for cognitive dysfunction disorders.
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