Application of PET imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of autoimmune encephalitis

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2025.12.002

Abstract

Abstract: PET imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). By detecting the distribution of radiotracers, PET provides a direct visualization of cerebral metabolic activity, revealing distinct metabolic patterns associated with different types of AE. Furthermore, it allows for effective monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic response, offering robust support for clinical decision-making. This review aims to elucidate the cerebral ¹⁸F-FDG PET metabolic patterns in AE associated with various antibodies, and to discuss the applications of other emerging PET tracers, with the goal of advancing the precise diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Key words: Encephalitis, Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system, Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, Positron-emission tomography, Tau proteins, Review

摘要： PET显像在自身免疫性脑炎的诊断与治疗过程中具有重要价值，可以借助检测放射性示踪剂在脑内分布，直观反映大脑代谢活动，呈现不同抗体类型自身免疫性脑炎代谢变化模式；还可以对疾病进展和治疗效果进行有效监测，为临床决策提供有力依据。本文拟阐述不同抗体自身免疫性脑炎¹⁸F-FDG PET代谢模式，以及其他新型PET技术在自身免疫性脑炎中的应用，以期有助于自身免疫性脑炎的精准诊断与治疗。

关键词: 脑炎, 神经系统自身免疫疾病, 抗N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸受体脑炎, 正电子发射断层显像术, tau蛋白质类, 综述

WANG Ning, SUN Yue-qian, WANG Qun. Application of PET imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of autoimmune encephalitis[J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2025, 25(12): 1095-1106.

王宁, 孙越乾, 王群. PET显像在自身免疫性脑炎诊断与预后预测中的应用[J]. 中国现代神经疾病杂志, 2025, 25(12): 1095-1106.

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