摘要：

随着社会经济的快速发展和人口老龄化的加剧，全球疾病谱已发生深刻变化，神经系统疾病特别是功能性疾病成为人类健康的主要威胁。神经调控技术作为应对这一挑战的重要手段，开辟新的治疗途径。本文系统阐述“神经调控”概念、分类及其技术演变，重点总结侵入性神经调控技术的临床应用进展，分析其在运动障碍疾病、癫痫、疼痛、认知功能障碍和神经康复等领域的疗效和发展潜力；探讨神经调控与脑机接口的融合趋势，指出闭环神经调控技术已成为脑机接口的重要组成部分，为精准治疗和个性化调控提供新的思路；指明神经调控领域未来发展方向，包括拓展新适应证、创新靶点探索模式、更新治疗理念及开展高质量循证医学研究。展望未来，我国神经调控事业应抓住时代机遇，通过持续探索和创新，为全球脑健康事业贡献更多力量。

关键词: 神经调控（非MeSH词）, 神经外科（学）, 综述

Abstract:

With the rapid development of society and economy and the acceleration of population aging, the global disease spectrum has undergone profound changes. Neurological diseases, especially brain functional disorders, have become major threats to human health. Neuromodulation technique, as a critical means to address this challenge, has opened new avenues for the treatment of brain functional disorders and has become one of the three innovative technologies in modern neurosurgery. This paper systematically elaborates on the concept, classification, and technological evolution of neuromodulation, focusing on the clinical application progress of invasive neuromodulation technique. It analyzes their efficacy and potential in the fields of movement disorders, epilepsy, pain, cognitive impairment, and neurorehabilitation. Additionally, it explores the integration trend between neuromodulation and brain-computer interface (BCI), pointing out that closed-loop neuromodulation has become an important component of BCI, providing new approaches for precise treatment and individualized modulation. Finally, it proposes future development directions in the field of neuromodulation, including expanding new indications, innovating target exploration models, updating treatment concepts, and conducting high-quality evidence-based medical research. Looking ahead, Chinese neuromodulation endeavors should seize current opportunities, achieve a leap from following to leading through continuous exploration and innovation, and make greater contributions to global brain health.

Key words: Neuromodulation (not in MeSH), Neurosurgery, Review