阿尔茨海默病发病机制研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.007

中国现代神经疾病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 161-168. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2026.02.007

• 痴呆相关认知功能障碍 • 上一篇下一篇

2 阿尔茨海默病发病机制研究进展

王普云¹, 王彩霞², 贾艳红², 孙咏婕², 刘美俐², 梁芙茹²^,*()

1. 014040 内蒙古医科大学包头临床医学院2024级
2. 014040 内蒙古自治区包头市中心医院神经内科

收稿日期:2026-01-04 出版日期:2026-02-25 发布日期:2026-03-12
通讯作者: 梁芙茹
作者简介:
王普云与王彩霞对本文有同等贡献
WANG Pu-yun and WANG Cai-xia contributed equally to the article
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2022MS08055); 内蒙古医学科学院公立医院科研联合基金科技项目(2024GLLH0479); 内蒙古医科大学联合项目(YKD2021LH090)

Progress on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

Pu-yun WANG¹, Cai-xia WANG², Yan-hong JIA², Yong-jie SUN², Mei-li LIU², Fu-ru LIANG²^,*()

1. Grade 2024, Baotou Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, China
2. Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2026-01-04 Online:2026-02-25 Published:2026-03-12
Contact: Fu-ru LIANG
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation in Inner Mongolia(2022MS08055); Research Joint Fund Project for Public Hospitals of the Inner Mongolia Medical Academy of Sciences(2024GLLH0479); Joint Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University(YKD2021LH090)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阿尔茨海默病的发病机制目前尚未完全阐明，给临床治疗带来极大挑战。深入探究其发病机制，对早期筛查、预防、诊断及治疗具有重要意义。本文详细综述近年阿尔茨海默病发病机制的诸多研究热点，包括β-淀粉样蛋白假说、tau蛋白与神经原纤维缠结假说、神经炎症假说、氧化应激损伤假说、血管功能障碍假说、突触功能障碍与神经递质改变假说、脑肠轴假说、基因突变假说，为疾病早期诊断与有效治疗提供参考。

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 淀粉样β肽类, tau蛋白质类, 炎症, 突触, 胃肠道微生物组, 基因, 突变, 综述

Abstract:

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer′s disease (AD) has not been fully elucidated to date, posing tremendous challenges for clinical treatment. An in-depth exploration of its pathogenesis is of great significance for early screening, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AD. This paper comprehensively reviews numerous research hotspots in the pathogenesis of AD in recent years, including amyloid β-protein (Aβ) hypothesis, tau protein and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) hypothesis, neuroinflammatory hypothesis, oxidative stress injury hypothesis, vascular dysfunction hypothesis, synaptic dysfunction and neurotransmitter changes hypothesis, gut- brain axis hypothesis, and gene mutation hypothesis, so as to provide references for the early diagnosis and effective treatment.

Key words: Alzheimer disease, Amyloid beta-peptides, Tau proteins, Inflammation, Synapses, Gastrointestinal microbiome, Genes, Mutation, Review

中图分类号:

R743

王普云, 王彩霞, 贾艳红, 孙咏婕, 刘美俐, 梁芙茹. 阿尔茨海默病发病机制研究进展[J]. 中国现代神经疾病杂志, 2026, 26(2): 161-168.

Pu-yun WANG, Cai-xia WANG, Yan-hong JIA, Yong-jie SUN, Mei-li LIU, Fu-ru LIANG. Progress on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2026, 26(2): 161-168.

https://journal11.magtechjournal.com/cjcnn/CN/Y2026/V26/I2/161

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