摘要：

脑积水是以脑室扩张和脑脊液稳态失衡为特征的神经外科常见疾病，根据病因分为先天性脑积水和继发性脑积水，其中以创伤、出血及感染后继发性脑积水为主要临床类型。出血后脑积水和感染后脑积水均存在炎症反应，除传统的脑脊液平衡障碍模型理论外，神经炎症在继发性脑积水的发病机制中发挥重要作用。本文综述继发性脑积水的流行病学现状、发病机制及治疗进展，为其临床治疗提供新的思路。

关键词: 脑积水, 脑出血, 感染, 炎症, 综述

Abstract:

Hydrocephalus is one of the most common neurosurgical disorders, which is characterized by enlargement of ventricles and disrupted cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostatis. Hydrocephalus is divided into multiple categories, of which trauma, posthemorrhagic and postinfectious hydrocephalus are the most important clinical types. Mechanism of secondary hydrocephalus is still unknown. In recent years, researches observed inflammation in both postinfectious hydrocephalusand posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Regulated inflammation is a significant protective respond that eliminates foreign pathogens, while abnormal inflammation deteriorates tissue damage. Apart from the traditional CSF homeostatis model, accumulating evidence have shown that neuroinflammation plays an important role in secondary hydrocephalus. This article reviews epidemiology, mechanisms and treatment of secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus. Understanding the mechanisms of secondary hydrocephalus might be helpful in developing more effective therapies.

Key words: Hydrocephalus, Cerebral hemorrhage, Infections, Inflammation, Review