摘要： 结核分枝杆菌（结核杆菌）易侵袭中枢神经系统、呼吸系统、泌尿系统等多系统而致病，病残率和病死率较高。近年来，结核病发病率和病死率在全球许多地区出现回升现象，而且耐药性结核杆菌的出现给结核病的诊断和治疗带来了困难。因此，了解其耐药机制并制定有效的治疗方案对结核病的及时诊断、有效治疗、改善患者预后至关重要。本文对常用抗结核药物的耐药分子机制及治疗方案进行总结，以为临床提供参考。

关键词: 分枝杆菌, 结核, 抗结核药, 药物耐受性, 综述

Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis can attack many systems of people, such as central nervous system, respiratory system, urinary system, and so on. The fatality rate and disability rate of diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis are high and are rising in many areas of the world. Because of drug resistance, the diagnosis and therapy become harder. Consequently, it is of great importance for us to understand drug resistance mechanism and make an effective therapeutic schedule, so that we can timely diagnose, effectively treat and improve outcomes. This article summarizes drug resistance mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against common anti-tuberculosis drugs and its therapeutic schedule.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Antitubercular agents, Drug tolerance, Review