Table of Content

05 November 2025, Volume 45 Issue 11

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Original Articles

p97 inhibitor EerⅠ induces apoptosis and ferroptosis of gastric cancer cell line AGS

LI Wenhua, WANG Runlin, KANG Qianpeng, HUANG Mei, GUO Zhengguang, ZHANG Chunlin, HUANG Yongsheng

2025, 45(11):  1401-1408.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1401

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Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of the induction of gastric cancer cell line AGS death by p97 inhibitor eeyarestatinⅠ (EerⅠ). Methods AGS cells were treated with EerⅠ. Then liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to perform proteome analysis for screening differentially expressed proteins and to find underlying signaling pathways. At the same time, the proteins of related pathway were investigated by protein immunoblotting. Cell proliferation was detected using the CCK-8 test kit; Cell apoptosis was detected using TUNEL staining test kit; Liperfluo probe was used to detect ferroptosis-related lipid peroxides. Results In EerⅠ treatment group, there were significant changes in proteins(fold change＞1.5 and P＜0.05), in which 125 proteins were increased and 132 proteins were decreased. The enrichment analysis of these DEPs showed that EerⅠ might significantly affect cell apoptosis and ferroptosis-related signaling pathways. Furthermore, EerⅠ could increase genomic DNA fragmentation related to cell apoptosis, increase of lipid peroxides in the ferroptosis pathway, causes changes in cell death related proteins, and inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Conclusions p97 inhibitor EerⅠ can induce cell apoptosis and ferroptosis in AGS cells, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation.

Downregulation of Talin1 inhibits migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells(PASMCs) induced by serum of rat models with HPS

CHEN Yang, WEN Jing, SHI Lan, YANG Yong, YI Bin, CHEN Lin

2025, 45(11):  1409-1414.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1409

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Objective To evaluate the role of Talin1 in the migration of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) induced by the serum from rats with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used as HPS rat models by chronic common bile duct ligation, the serum was collected from abdominal aorta. PASMCs were seeded in 6-well and 24-well plates and randomly divided into control group and HPS group. The cells were transfected with Talin1 or control siRNA. The normal rat serum or HPS rat serum with a final concentration of 5% was added respectively. At 24 hours after cell transfection or at 24 hours (T1), 48 hours (T2) and 72 hours (T3) of cell incubation, the protein expression of Talin1 and active Integin β1 in PASMCs were determined by Western blot; The migration of PASMCs was measured by Transwell chamber (T1) and scratch assay (T1 to T3). Results Compared to control group, with the extension of the stimulation time in the HPS group, the expression of Talin1 protein was upregulated, and the migration of PASMCs was gradually enhanced (P＜0.05); Talin1 siRNA effectively silenced the Talin1 gene; The expression of active Integin β1 protein and the migration of PASMCs in the HPS group + si control were enhanced (P＜0.05); Compared with the HPS group + si control, the expression of active Integin β1 protein and the migration of PASMCs in the HPS group + siTalin1 were significantly inhibited (P＜0.05). Conclusions Downregulating expression of Talin1 protein inhibits migration of PASMCs and expression of active Integin β1 protein induced by the serum from HPS rats.

Single-site mutation regulates thermal stability of cataract-related human γC crystallin protein structure

LIU Mingwei, CHEN Mingrui, WANG Chenxuan, ZHANG Wenbo

2025, 45(11):  1415-1419.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1415

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Objective To find the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of congenital cataract related 129^th single-site mutation G129C on the thermal stability of human γC crystallin (HγC) protein structure. Methods HγC-WT and HγC-G129C were expressed and purified in vitro. The changes of intrinsic fluorescence intensity and static light scattering intensity of proteins with temperature were measured, and the temperature dependence of the folding and aggregation structures of HγC-WT and HγC-G129C was compared. Results When temperature was below 65 ℃, the barycentric mean of the intrinsic fluorescence of HγC-WT and HγC-G129C shifted towards a longer wavelength and the fluorescence intensity decreased with the increasing temperature, which was believed to be the evidence of unfolded protein conformation. When the temperature was higher than 65 ℃, the static light scattering intensity increased significantly with the temperature, indicating the protein aggregation upon heating. The wild-type HγC-G129C showed a stronger aggregation potency. During the thermal de-naturation process of HγC-WT and HγC-G129C, the crossing-point temperatures were 74.5 ℃ and 55.5 ℃, respectively. HγC-WT showed higher thermal stability. Conclusions The congenital cataract-associated G129C mutation significantly weakens conformational stability of γC-crystallin.

3-Methyladenine improves mesangial dilation and extracellular matrix deposition in mouse models with diabetes

REN Haiwen, HU Jie, TAN Haibo, GONG Quan, LIU Benju, CHEN Jide

2025, 45(11):  1420-1428.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1420

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Objective To investigate the effects of 3-methyladenine (3-MA) on mouse mesangial cell line MES-13 cultured in high glucose, and on the kidney of streptozotocin (STZ) - induced mouse model of diabetes and the potential mechanism. Methods MES-13 cells were divided into low glucose control group (LG), hyper osmotic pressure control group (HOP), high glucose group (HG), 3-methyladenine+high glucose group (HG+3-MA)and chloroquine+high glucose group (HG+CQ).The groups were respectively incubated with low glucose DMEM, 30 mmol/L mannitol hypertonic control medium, 30 mmol/L high glucose medium, 5 mmol/L 3-MA+30 mmol/L high glucose medium and 10 mmol/L CQ+30 mmol/L high glucose medium for 24 hours. CCK-8 assay and Western blot were performed. In vivo experiment: Male C57BL/6J mice were induced diabetes for model development by intra-peritoneal injection of STZ 60 mg/kg for five consecutive days. After two weeks of injection, the blood glucose was measured. Animals with blood glucose level higher than 16.7 mmol/L (250 mg/dL) were randomly divided into diabetes control group (DM), 3-MA intervention group (DM+3-MA) and CQ intervention group (DM+CQ), then were fed under the same conditions as normal control group (NC) mice. The DM+3-MA group was given 10 mg/kg of 3-MA aqueous solution by gavage every day, the DM+CQ group was given 50 mg/kg of CQ by intraperitoneal injection every three days, the NC group and DM group were given the same amount of normal saline and killed after 6 weeks. The kidneys were stripped for kidney/body weight ratio determination, periodic acid-schiff staining (PAS), MASSON staining microscopy and Western blot. Results In vitro experiment: Compared to the LG group, the cell viability, PCNA expression, ratio of phosphorylated Akt to total Akt (p-Akt/Akt) and ratio of phosphorylated rpS6 to total rpS6 (p-rpS6/rpS6) were significantly increased in the HG group (P＜0.05). Compared with HG group, the cell viability, PCNA and p-Akt/Akt ratio of HG+3-MA group and HG+CQ group were significantly decreased and p-rpS6/rpS6 ratio of HG+3-MA group was significantly decreased(P＜0.01). In vivo experiment: Compared to NC group, the kidney/body weight ratio, glomerular volume, renal tubular injury index, PCNA, fibronectin, COL1A1, p-Akt/Akt, p-rpS6/rpS6 in DM group were all significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05). Compared with DM group, the kidney/body weight ratio, glomerular volume, renal tubular injury index, PCNA, fibronectin, COL1A1, p-Akt/Akt, p-rpS6/rpS6 of DM+3-MA group mice were all significantly decreased(P＜0.05). Conclusions 3-MA can improve glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and renal ECM deposition in early diabetes nephropathy (DN). The improvement of 3-MA in early DN may be related to the inhibition of Akt/rpS6 signaling pathway.

Scoparone inhibits proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cell line HCT116

HAN Wei, PAN Wei, ZHANG Man, GAO Xiangyu, KANG Xinkai, ZHU Zhibo, LIU Ruiting

2025, 45(11):  1429-1437.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1429

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Objective To investigate the effects of scoparone (Sco) on proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cell line HCT116, and its effect on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Methods 1)HCT116 cells were divided into control group, 50Sco group, 100Sco group and 200Sco group. The cells in control group were incubated with culture medium for 48 hrs. The 50Sco group, 100Sco group and 200Sco group were incubated with 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L scoparone for 48 hrs respectively. 2)HCT116 cells were divided into control group, NC-200Sco group, NC-LV+200Sco group and EGFR-LV+200Sco group. The control group was incubated with normal culture medium for 48 hrs. NC-200Sco group was incubated with 200 μmol/L scoparone for 48 hrs. NC-LV and EGFR-LV were infected into HCT116 cells in NC-LV+200Sco group and EGFR-LV+200Sco group, then incubated with 200 μmol/L scoparone for 48 hrs. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay and EdU staining, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and cell invasion was detected by Transwell assay. EGFR mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR, the level of EGFR, Bcl-2, Bax, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 protein was detected by Western blot. Results Compared to the control group, the cell viability, proportion of EdU positive cells and counting number of invasive cells in 50Sco group, 100Sco group and 200Sco group all decreased (P＜0.05). Cell apoptosis rate and Bax protein expression increased (P＜0.05), the protein expression of Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased (P＜0.05). mRNA and protein expression of EGFR were decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with NC-200 Sco group and NC-LV+200Sco group, the expression level of mRNA and protein of EGFR in EGFR-LV+200Sco group was increased (P＜0.05). Cell viability, proportion of EdU positive cells and counting number of invasive cells all increased (P＜0.05). The cell apoptosis rate and Bax protein expression level were decreased (P＜0.05). The protein expression of Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was increased(P＜0.05). Conclusions Scoparone has anti-colon cancer cell activity and inhibits proliferation as well as invasion of colon cancer cells through inhibition of EGFR.

Association of sitting time with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in the Chinese population

LAN Lei, LANG Xinyue, CHEN Feilong, WANG Hui, HE Guomin, LI Wei, LIU Zhiguang, on behalf of PURE-China investigators

2025, 45(11):  1438-1443.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1438

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Objective To explore potential association between sedentary time and the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Chinese population using data from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE-China) cohort study. Methods Baseline data were collected, from 2022 standardized questionnaires and physical examinations, with follow-up until August 31, 2022. The primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events (non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke or heart failure). Multivariable Cox shared frailty model was used to analyze the association between sedentary time and the risks of all-cause mortality and CVD in the target population, and to compare differences across subgroups based on gender, age and geographic location. Results A total of 47 931 participants were recruited, and 43 367 were included in the final analysis. Over a median follow-up of 11.9±3.0 years, 2 277 participants experienced all-cause mortality, 3 551 experienced cardiovascular events. The Cox model indicated that, compared to individuals with less than 4 h of sedentary time per day, those with 6-8 h had a 23% increased in risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.44) and an 18% increased risk of CVD (HR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.04-1.33). For individuals with more than 8 h of sedentary time, the risk increased by 50% for all-cause mortality (HR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.16-1.94) and 44% for CVD(HR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.16-1.79). These associations were more pronounced in men and individuals aged 50 years and older. Conclusions Sedentary behavior is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in Chinese population, especially in the population with sedentary time of 6 hrs or more per day. Reducing sedentary time and increasing physical activity is an important strategy to mitigate the disease burden of cardiovascular disease and premature death.

IL-37 inhibits macrophage-mediated plasma cell mastitis

DENG Youyuan, ZHAO Hongjun, YE Lifen, LI Jingyong, ZHANG Huaixiao, ZHANG Chao, WANG Jianguo

2025, 45(11):  1444-1450.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1444

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Objective To investigate whether interleukin-37 (IL-37) affects macrophage M1 polarization via nucleotide oligomerization of structural domain receptor protein 1 (NOD1)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in plasma cell mastitis. Methods A total of 15 patients with plasma cell mastitis were recruited according to the collection standard as inflammatory breast tissue and normal breast tissue with a distance of ≥3 cm from the edge of the inflammatory breast tissue. QPCR was performed to detect NOD1 and IL-3. Phorbol ester(PE) was used to induce THP-1 cells to differentiate into resting macrophages (M0). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined with interferon(IFN-γ) was used to induce the polarization of M0 macrophages towards the M1 phenotype. NOD1 lentiviral RNA interference or over-expression vectors were constructed to regulate the expression of NOD1 in M1 macrophages. M0 macrophages were pretreated with IL-37 recombinant protein and then incubated with LPS and IFN-γ for induction. The expression of NOD1, IL-37, M1 markers (IL-6 and iNOS) and M2 markers (IL-10 and Arg-1) was quantified by qPCR. Western blot was employed to assess the protein level of NOD1, NF-kB p65, and p-NF-kB p65. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to detect the interaction between NOD1 and IL-37. Results Up-regulation of NOD1 and down-regulation of IL-37 as were found in inflammatory breast tissues(P＜0.05). Compared to M0 cells, M1 cells showed up-regulated NOD1 and M1 markers and the elevated phosphorylated NF-κB p65 but the down-regulated IL-37(P＜0.05). In M1 macrophages, both NF-κB inhibitor and NOD1 knockdown led to the down-regulation of NOD1 and M1 markers and caused a decrease in the phosphorylated NF-κB p65(P＜0.05). IL-37 recombinant protein decreased phosphorylation of NOD1, M1 marker and NF-κB p65, which was reversed by over-expression of NOD1. IL-37 may interact with NOD1(P＜0.05). Conclusions IL-37 may inhibit M1 polarization in macrophages by down-regulating NOD1/NF-κB pathway thereby preventing plasma cell mastitis progression.

Propofol improves bone metabolism in rat models with osteoporosis

SUN Na, SONG Linlin, CHI Jinjin, ZHONG Lulu, WANG Zhensheng

2025, 45(11):  1451-1456.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1451

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Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on bone metabolism in glucocorticoid induced osteoporo-sis (GIOP) in rat models by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Methods Rats were grouped into a blank group, model (GIOP) group, 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg propofol groups and a propofol+LY294002 (5 mg/kg propofol+5 mg/kg LY294002) group, with 12 rats in each group. A small animal bone densitometer was used to measure the tibial bone density (BMD) of rats. ELISA was applied to detect the level of bone gla-protein (BGP), procollagen Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and type Ⅰ collagen cross-linked C-terminal peptide (CTX-Ⅰ) in rat serum. HE staining microscopy was applied to observe the pathological morphology of rat bone tissue. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Pi3k, Akt, mTor, Beclin-1, and p62 in bone tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression level of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway related proteins and autophagy related proteins in rat bone tissue. Results Compared with the blank group, the tibial BMD, serum BGP, and CTX-Ⅰ levels of GIOP group decreased (P＜0.05). mRNA expression of Pi3k, Akt, mTor and Beclin-1 in bone tissue decreased (P＜0.05). mRNA and protein expression of p62 increased (P＜0.05). The expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway related proteins and Beclin-1 protein in bone tissue decreased(P＜0.05). Compared to GIOP group, the changes of above indicators were obviously alleviated in the 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg propofol groups (P＜0.05). On the basis of treatment with 5 mg/kg propofol, the use of LY294002 inhibited activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy and interfered with the positive regulatory effects of propofol on bone metabolism and bone tissue morphology improvement in GIOP rats (P＜0.05). Conclusions Propofol may improve bone metabolism in rat models of GIOP through potential mechanism of activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

miR-374c-5p reduces hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells

JIA Zonghu, JIN Qun, HAN Shufang, HU Yuhong, REN Changzhen, LI Yunping, LIU Wenyan

2025, 45(11):  1457-1462.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1457

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Objective To explore the protective effect of miR-374c-5p on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) -induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods HUVECs were cultured in vitro and the harvested cells were divided into four groups: control group, H₂O₂ group, H₂O₂ + miR-374c-5p mimics transfection group, and H₂O₂ + miR-374c-5p inhibitor transfection group. Cell activity was assessed by CCK-8 proliferation rate assay, apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining microscopy. Expression of miR-374c-5p and Fas mRNA by RT-qPCR, and Fas protein in HUVECs by was detected by Western blot. Results Proliferation of HUVECs was significantly inhibited(P＜0.001);H₂O₂ was significantly increased as compared with the H₂O₂ intervention group(P＜0.001);Proliferation in H₂O₂ + miR-374c-5p inhibitor transfection group was significantly increased as compared to H₂O₂ intervention group(P＜0.001). Conclusions miR-374c-5p protectes the HUVECs against apoptosis induced by H₂O₂.

Effects of Alisma orientalis extract on blood glucose, lipid and oxidative stress of pregnant rat models with diabetes

SONG Chunrui, LI Jing

2025, 45(11):  1463-1472.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1463

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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Alisma orientale extract(zexie) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rats by regulating the miR-4417/TGF-β pathway. Methods GDM model rats were randomly divided into a diabetic group, low,medium,high-dose zexie group, insulin group, miR-NC group, miR-4417 mimic group, miR-4417 inhibitor group, and zexie+miR-4417 mimic+LY364947 group, with 12 rats in each group. Additionally, 12 normal pregnant rats served as the control group. Hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining was used to evaluate pancreatic islet pathology. RT-qPCR and Western blot were employed to measure the mRNA and protein levels of various factors. Results Compared with the diabetic group, the glucose, lipid, oxidative stress indicators, and pancreatic islet pathological damage were significantly improved(P＜0.05) in the low, medium and high-dose zexie groups and the insulin group. The expression levels of miR-4417 and TGF-β mRNA were notably reduced(P＜0.05), with the most significant changes observed in the high-dose zexie group(P＜0.05). Compared with the miR-NC group, the TGF-β protein level was significantly increased(P＜0.05) in the miR-4417 mimic group and decreased(P＜0.05) in the miR-4417 inhibitor group. Compared with the diabetic group, the oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were significantly lower(P＜0.05) in the zexie, zexie+miR-4417 mimic, and zexie+miR-4417 mimic+LY364947 groups. Compared with the miR-4417 mimic group, the oxidative stress and ROS accumulation were significantly reduced(P＜0.05) in the zexie+miR-4417 mimic group. No significant differences were found between the zexie group and the zexie+miR-4417 mimic + LY364947 group. Conclusions Zexie can improve glucose and lipid levels, reduce insulin resistance, and control oxidative stress and damage in GDM rats, possibly through the regulation of the miR-4417/TGF-β pathway.

Upregulation of miR-1287-5p promotes paclitaxel resistance in human esophageal cancer cell line KYSE30

WANG Juzheng, LU Jiayu, WANG Qingshi, LIU Wen, BAO Bo, LI Yiming, LU Qiang

2025, 45(11):  1473-1479.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1473

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Objective To discover the mechanism by which miR-1287-5p affects the sensitivity of human esophageal cancer cell line KYSE30 to paclitaxel. Methods KYSE30 cells were divided into control group, group of transfected with miR-1287-5p mimic and inhibitor groups. RT-qPCR was used to detect the transfection rate. A paclitaxel-resistant cell line was established and cell viability and half inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) were detected by CCK-8 assay. The scratch test, Transwell chamber test and TUNEL method were used to evaluate the migration, invasion and apoptosis of cells . Western blot and immunocytochemistry (ICC) were used to detect the expression and localization of Akt and GSK-3β in cells. Results The expression level of miR-1287-5p in the miR-1287-5p mimic group was significantly higher than that in the miR-NC group and control group (P＜0.05), while the expression level of the miR-1287-5p inhibitor group was significantly lower than that in miR-NC group and control group (P＜0.05). The cell survival rate of the miR-1287-5p mimic group was higher than that of the miR-NC group and the miR-1287-5p inhibitor group (P＜0.05). The cell migration rate and number of invasive cells in the miR-1287-5p mimic group were higher than those of the miR-NC group(P＜0.05), and the apoptosis rate was lower than that of the miR-NC group (P＜0.05). While in miR-1287-5p, the cell migration rate was lower and invasive cells were less in the inhibitor group and the apoptosis rate was increased as compared to the miR-NC group (P＜0.05).The expression of Akt and GSK-3β in the miR-1287-5p mimic group was significantly increased than in the miR-NC group (P＜0.05), while the expression in the miR-1287-5p inhibitor group was significantly inhibited than in miR-NC group (P＜0.05). Conclusions Up-regulation of miR-1287-5p can promote the migration and invasion of paclitaxel-resistant cell lines, inhibit cell apoptosis and thereby promote the development of paclitaxel resistance.

Clinical Sciences

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated with cerebral hemorrhage in children

CHEN Xinru, TANG Jihong, XIAO Xiao, WU Yinyin, XU Huan, FENG Jun

2025, 45(11):  1480-1484.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1480

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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, imaging features, laboratory test results, and prognosis of children with acute lymphoblast leukemia (ALL) complicated by cerebral hemorrhage. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 20 children with ALL complicated by cerebral hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University from June 20, 2014 to June 20, 2024. Results The clinical manifestation of the 20 children with ALL complicated by cerebral hemorrhage were complex and diverse, with disturbance of consciousness being the most common initial symptom. The prognosis varied depending on the size and location of the hematoma and whether it ruptured into the ventricle. Among the 20 cases, 14(70%) demonstrated improvement in intracranial lesions, with 8(40%) cases exhibiting substantial lesion absorption and favorable prognosis. Six cases(30%) showed improvement in intracranial lesions but not complete resolution, three cases developed focal encephalomalacia, two cases had residual symptomatic epilepsy and one had residual right-sided hemiplegia. Furthermore, three(15%) cases suffered recurrent cerebral hemorrhages at distinct locations from the initial event following improvement of the primary hemorrhage, and 3(15%) cases led to mortality. Conclusions Neurological symptoms in children with acute lymphoblast leukemia (ALL) complicated by cerebral hemorrhage are diverse and often atypical. Timely cranial imaging and laboratory tests are necessary, while surgical intervention and platelet transfusion should be a prudential consideration.

Clinical characteristics of gout patients with shoulder joints involved from 24 cases

WANG Yibo, HAN Yingdong, XIE Tiange, WU Juan, DI Hong, ZHANG Yun, ZENG Xuejun

2025, 45(11):  1485-1490.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1485

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Objective To characterize the clinical features of the group of gout patients to facilitate earlier identification, and optimize the diagnosis and treatment of the condition. Methods The retrospective study analyzed 24 gout patients with shoulder joint(s) involved and consulted by physicians of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2021 to April 2025, while 70 outpatient gout patients matched by clinical course duration and sex were enrolled as control group. Clinical data including medical history, laboratory tests, therapeutic interventions. Prognosis was systematically collected to delineate the distinctive clinical manifestations of the patients. Results All 24 gout patients with shoulder joints involved were male, aged (43.16±13.13)years and had an average BMI of 27.70±4.63. The duration of gout was 8(5,12) years while of those patients had an early onset before 30 years old. The maximal serum uric acid concentration was (754.15±175.79) μmol/L. It was shown by case review that 16.67% of the patients were asymptomatic, and 79.17% suffered from shoulder pain. A quarter of the patients developed subcutaneous tophi. All the patients affected (P＜0.05). The affected joints ascended from lower extremities to the upper averagely took 4.72±2.80 years and had heavier burden of hyperuricemia (P＜0.05), while no significant difference was found in renal function and inflammation level. Conclusions Gout patients with shoulder joints involvement are older and have atypical manifestation. The diagnosis needs support of imaging or arthrocentesis.

Mini Reviews

Research progress on childhood obesity and diseases

SUN Xiaoping, CHEN Min

2025, 45(11):  1491-1495.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1491

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Obesity during childhood not only increases the risk of various chronic diseases, but also may affect a child's intelligence level and executive function, and even lead to mental and psychological problems. The impact of childhood obesity on health can persist into adulthood, leading to a series of obesity-related complications, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, hypertension, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, obstructive sleep apnea, asthma, precocious puberty, and hypogonadism. Paying attention to the issue of childhood obesity, early identification and relevant intervention are expected to reduce the harm caused by obesity.

Research progress on the role of butyrylation modification in malignant tumors

SHI Dongxue, WANG Ruihan, LYU Beibei, LIN Xiaoyan

2025, 45(11):  1496-1500.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1496

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Butyrylation (Kbu), as an important post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins, precisely regulates various biological behaviors of tumor cells by modulating the structure and function of proteins. Abnormal butyrylation promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration by regulating protein stability, enzyme activity, cell signaling pathways, chromatin structure and gene expression, and further participates in tumor occurrence and development. This review focuses on the role of butyrylation modification in the occurrence and development of various human tumors, aiming to summarize the research progress of butyrylation modification in the field of tumors, and to provide new directions for tumor treatment through the intervention strategies of butyrylation modification.

Progress on poly(C)-binding protein 1 in ferroptosis

LIU Tianna, LI Yang, DENG Yudi, WU Fuju

2025, 45(11):  1501-1505.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1501

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Poly(C)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein involved in a series of processes such as gene transcription, selective modification, translation and regulation of iron metabolism . This paper explores the pathway through which PCBP1 inhibits ferroptosis during the research on PCBP1-related diseases, such as bladder cancer and head and neck cancer. PCBP1 can reduce the intracellular ferrous iron content to inhibit ferroptosis through the mechanisms like inhibiting ferritinophagy,promoting the transfer of iron ions to ferritin or iron-dependent enzymes, stabilizing the labile iron pool within cells and facilitating the formation of[2Fe-2S] clusters. PCBP1 can also reduce the generation of lipid peroxides and enhance the resistance to oxidative stress thus to reduce the level of intracellular reactive oxygen thereby inhibiting ferroptosis.

Progress of PANoptosis in age-related diseases

ZHANG Yue, WANG Junying

2025, 45(11):  1506-1510.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1506

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PANoptosis is a novel mode of cell death that intelligently initiates signaling pathways by forming PANoptosome. It can promote the development of retinopathy and nephropathy by regulating the inflammatory response and cell death triggered by hyperglycemia. It activates inflammasome release and plays a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoarthritis. Similarly,PANoptosis can promote cochlear aging by damaging mitochondria, changing immune response and inducing inflammatory response, aiming to provide new therapeutic ideas for the disease.

Clinical research progress on mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of chronic limb-threatening ischemia

LIU Zhiqiang, GU Xufang, NI Aixin, FAN Shanshan

2025, 45(11):  1511-1515.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1511

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Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is a serious peripheral arterial disease(PAD) characterized by reduced blood flow in the limbs, resulting in tissue damage and dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a research hotspot in the field of CLTI treatment in recent years due to their unique regenerative ability and immunomodulatory properties. In the environment of hypoxia and tissue injury, MSCs can promote angiogenesis, reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair by secreting cytokines, cell differentiation and intercellular signal transduction, so as to improve the symptoms and prognosis of patients with CLTI, showing a broad clinical application prospect.

Progress of genetic study on Alzheimer's disease

CHEN Xin, XU Yun, ZHAO Xiuli

2025, 45(11):  1516-1521.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1516

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system in which genetic factors playing a significant role in its occurrence and progression. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in AD genetics research, facilitated by the widespread application of high-throughput sequencing technologies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). AD has a significant genetic basis: early-onset AD (EOAD) is primarily driven by mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes, leading to the accumulation of amyloid β-protein(Aβ); while the APOEε4 allele represents the major genetic risk factor for late-onset AD (LOAD). Furthermore, GWAS have identified additional risk genes, such as TREM2, which implicate pathways including neuro-inflammation. Concurrently, the epigenetic mechanisms and rare genetic variants were found to be involved in disease pathogenesis. A deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying AD may support the development of related therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this review provides an comprehensive overview of current genetic research on AD to support future research in the field.

Medical Education

Analysis of teaching effectiveness in a course of ‘Precision Treatment of Tumors’as continuing education program

LI Ningning, YAN Yifei, WANG Yingyi, WANG Lina

2025, 45(11):  1522-1527.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1522

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Objective To evaluate the outcomes of continuing education program by a survey among 73 participa-ting physicians before and after the course training with 73 and 65 valid responses before and after the workshop collected respectively. Methods The questionnaire covered physicians' basic information, their understanding of precision treatment, feedback on the course content and suggestions about the workshop. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software, primarily employing descriptive statistics and χ² tests. Results The overall satisfaction rate among participants was 90.77%, with the lung cancer session (90.77%) and practical case analysis(86.15%) being the most popular. The course significantly improved physicians' understanding of proteomics analysis (P＜0.05) and the importance of adjusting treatment plan in precision treatment of tumors(P＜0.05). Additionally, 81.54% of physicians agreed that precision treatment of tumors significantly enhanced patients' quality of life (P＜0.05). Physicians also showed increased attention to multidisciplinary team (MDT) and patient mental health. Suggestions for future courses included optimizing resource provision and increasing interactive sessions. Conclusions This continuing education program has achieved remarkable results in enhancing physicians' knowledge and capacity building of precision treatment for cancer. The evaluation of the course suggests that future education should further focus on the actual needs of physicians and to optimize the content design to support the application of precision treatment in clinical practice.

Exploring the need for head simulation teaching of stomatology in the eight-year medical doctor program of clinical medicine

YOU Pengyue, LI Jiayi, GUO Chunlan, ZHANG Xinyuan, HUO Jingyi, WAN Kuo, DONG Haitao

2025, 45(11):  1528-1531.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1528

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Objective To explore the need and evaluate the effectiveness for head-simulator in the teaching of stomatology within the eight-year program of clinical medicine. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among the students from 2017 cohort of the eight-year program of clinical medicine at Peking Union Medical College. The survey results were statistically analyzed and described. Results Totally 87.9% of the students believed that incorporating head-simulator into the clinical practice course of stomatology were necessary, and 93.9% expressed willingness to join the training. Most students preferred to practice peri-odontal scaling and cavity preparation for caries during the simulated training sessions. The majority of students considered two or four class hours of simulated head teaching to be reasonable. The pilot head simulation training was successfully implemented; 75.0% of the students acknowledged clear teaching and convincible demonstrations. All the trainees agreed that the head simulation course helped them better understand stomatology knowledge, stimulated their interest in learning and expressed a desire for increased head simulation sessions during clinical practice course of stomatology. Additionally, 87.5% of the students preferred head simulation training course to be applied in classic clinical clerkships. Conclusions There is strong demand among students of eight-year program of clinical medicine for incorporating head-simulator into the education of stomatology. The pilot simulation training received positive evaluations. Further exploration is needed to optimize specific scheduling and content arrangement.

Application of PDCA cycle and TBL embedded teaching method in clinical training program of gynecologic oncology

TAN Shufen, WANG Qian, ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Yi, LI Shuqing

2025, 45(11):  1532-1535.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1532

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Objective To explore a new training strategy suitable for clinical education and talent cultivation in gynecologic oncology. Methods Ninety undergraduates from each of the two grades of clinical medicine curriculum at Kunming Medical University were randomly divided into control group (n=40) and research group (n=50).The“4+3”teaching model of plan-do-check-action(PDCA) cycle integrated with TBL were adopted, whereas the control group was educated with classic methods. Two groups of students were evaluated with quantitative assessments and anonymous questionnaire surveys. Results Multidimensional questionnaire surveys indicated that the teaching model of the test group provided a better learning experience than classic teaching methods as proved by significant improvements in educational reform (58%), learning interest (64%), skill development (72%), capacity building of learning (66%) and satisfaction with the new model of training (70%) (P＜0.05,＜0.01). Furthermore, the PDCA cycle can address the short-comings of the previous teaching iteration. In written exams, the classroom quiz scores, regular grades, and comprehensive scores of the research group were (18.38±5.81), (29.09±0.29), and (82.38±4.03) points respectively all higher than those of the control group (P＜0.01). Conclusions The PDCA cycle and the TBL-embedded teaching model promote the standardization of gynecologic oncology teaching procedures, thereby enhancing teaching quality and achieving precise alignment between student satisfaction and assessment performance.

Innovation and practice of medical teaching development in the digital intelligence era

HUANG Fumin, ZHOU Zihan, XIONG Wei

2025, 45(11):  1536-1540.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.11.1536

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The rapid development of digital intelligence technology has brought profound changes to medical education. Against this background, this study mainly focuses on the characteristics of digital and intelligent medical talent training and to analyzes its impact on teachers' teaching methodology.This puts forward some innovative suggestions based on the current technology development and application in order to improve the strategy development and capacity building in terms of support medical education and reformation with digital and intelligence technology.