Notch信号通路在支气管哮喘中的作用

doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2026.02.0293

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Notch信号通路是与细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等关系密切的细胞信号通路,该通路的异常激活通过多维度参与哮喘病理过程。在气道炎性反应方面,Notch信号通路加剧 T 淋巴细胞失衡,导致促炎因子异常释放;在气道高反应性方面,Notch信号通路通过上调肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α) 的表达和促进黏蛋白MUC5AC分泌等,增强气道平滑肌敏感性和黏液分泌;在气道重塑方面,Notch信号通路驱动多纤毛细胞丢失、MUC5AC的表达和分泌。靶向干预策略显示,γ-分泌酶抑制剂、间充质干细胞以及中药活性成分等均显示出通过调控 Notch通路改善哮喘症状的潜力。这些发现不仅深化了对哮喘发病机制的认识,也为开发新型靶向治疗药物提供了理论依据。

关键词: Notch信号通路, 哮喘, 治疗靶点

Abstract: The Notch signaling pathway is a critical cellular signaling pathway closely associated with physiological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Its aberrant activation contributes to the pathological progression of asthma through multiple mechanisms. In terms of airway inflammation, the Notch signaling pathway exacerbates T lymphocyte imbalance, leading to excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Regarding airway hyperresponsiveness, it enhances airway smooth muscle sensitivity and mucus hypersecretion by upregulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression and promoting mucin MUC5AC secretion. In the context of airway remodeling, the Notch signaling pathway facilitates the loss of multiciliated cells while simultaneously increasing MUC5AC expression and secretion. Targeted intervention strategies, including γ-secretase inhibitors, mesenchymal stem cells, and active components of traditional Chinese medicine, have demonstrated potential in alleviating asthma symptoms by modulating the Notch pathway. These findings not only deepen the understanding of asthma pathogenesis but also provide a theoretical foundation for developing novel targeted therapies.

Key words: Notch signaling pathway, asthma, therapeutic target

中图分类号:

陈梦蕾, 崔云. Notch信号通路在支气管哮喘中的作用[J]. 基础医学与临床, 2026, 46(2): 293-297.

CHEN Menglei, CUI Yun. Role of Notch signaling pathway in bronchial asthma[J]. Basic & Clinical Medicine, 2026, 46(2): 293-297.

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