新生儿和婴幼儿气道管理相关损伤的研究进展

doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.04.0434

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文综述了新生儿和婴幼儿气道管理过程中可能引发的医源性损伤及其预防措施。由于新生儿婴幼儿气道解剖结构与成人存在显著差异,现有的气道管理设备多原研于成人设计并“缩小化”使用与新生儿和婴幼儿,但由于源于设计的不适配,可能导致新生儿婴幼儿在气道管理过程中出现气道损伤。文章详细探讨了新生儿婴幼儿气道解剖特点、多种特殊危险因素(如早产、先天性疾病等)对气道损伤的影响,分析了损伤产生的机制及分级标准,并提出了预防新生儿婴幼儿气道管理相关损伤的具体措施。

关键词: 新生儿, 婴幼儿, 气道管理, 损伤

Abstract: This article reviews the potential iatrogenic injuries that can occur during airway management in neonates and infants, along with preventive measures. Given the significant anatomical differences between the airways of neonates/infants and adults, many existing airway management devices are adaptations of adult designs, scaled down for pediatric use. This design mismatch may contribute to airway injuries during neonatal and infant airway management. The article thoroughly examines the anatomical features of neonatal and infant airways, the impact of various risk factors (such as prematurity and congenital conditions) on airway injury, analyzes the mechanisms and grading standards of these injuries, and outlines specific strategies to prevent iatrogenic injuries associated with airway management in this population.

Key words: neonate, infant, airway management, trauma

中图分类号:

R614

张泉, 赵欣. 新生儿和婴幼儿气道管理相关损伤的研究进展[J]. 基础医学与临床, 2025, 45(4): 434-441.

ZHANG Quan, ZHAO Xin. Advances of airway management-related trauma in neonates and infants[J]. Basic & Clinical Medicine, 2025, 45(4): 434-441.

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