靶向胶质瘤干细胞及其微环境的免疫治疗进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2020.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胶质瘤是中枢神经系统最常见的原发性恶性肿瘤，胶质瘤干细胞及其微环境是支持胶质瘤发生、恶性进展的根本原因，将其作为包括免疫治疗在内的各项治疗策略的靶点有望提高疗效。单克隆抗体可通过特异性识别胶质瘤干细胞标志物，靶向并抑制其生物学活性；胶质瘤干细胞中肿瘤相关基因变异，使溶瘤病毒选择性复制，裂解胶质瘤干细胞，抑制肿瘤生长；过继转移的嵌合抗原受体T细胞经体外激活、回输后可直接靶向胶质瘤干细胞相关抗原，发挥抗肿瘤作用；树突状细胞疫苗通过胶质瘤干细胞mRNA致敏，发挥靶向激活抗胶质瘤干细胞免疫反应的作用。胶质瘤干细胞活化性配体表达水平升高且低表达主要组织相容性复合物Ⅰ类分子，针对此特点，自然杀伤细胞可以较好地发挥抗肿瘤作用。胶质瘤干细胞微环境中免疫检查点抑制在免疫逃逸过程中起关键作用，对这些免疫检查点进行干预成为肿瘤免疫治疗的重要靶点。靶向胶质瘤干细胞的免疫治疗策略虽在不同程度上显示出一定疗效，但远未成熟，尚待持续深入探究。

关键词: 神经胶质瘤, 肿瘤干细胞, 肿瘤微环境, 免疫疗法, 综述

Abstract:

Glioma is the most prevailing primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system. Given that glioma stem cells (GSCs) and its microenvironment are pivotal for the occurrence and progression of glioma, various targeted therapy including immunotherapy is promising to improve prognosis of glioma. Monoclonal antibodies could inhibit GSCs biological activity through specifically recognizing GSCs markers. GSCs tumor-related gene mutations lead to selective replication of oncolytic viruses in GSCs, which inhibits proliferation of GSCs. The chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) are activated in vitro, transferred back, and set off targeted immune cascade towards GSCs. Because of the high expression of activated ligand and low expression of major histocompatibility complex Ⅰ (MHC-Ⅰ) in GSCs, Natural killer (NK) cells have a promising anti-tumor performance. Furthermore, the inhibition of immune checkpoints in GSCs microenvironment plays a vital role in process of immune escape. So intervention of these immune checkpoints has be a heated topic in tumor immunotherapy. Although the immunotherapy strategy targeting GSCs shows a certain effect to varying degrees, it is far from mature and needs to be further explored.

Key words: Glioma, Neoplastic stem cells, Tumor microenvironment, Immunotherapy, Review

王海洋, 董军. 靶向胶质瘤干细胞及其微环境的免疫治疗进展[J]. 中国现代神经疾病杂志, 2020, 20(2): 86-95.

WANG Hai-yang, DONG Jun. Immunotherapy targeting glioma stem cells and its microenvironment[J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2020, 20(2): 86-95.

http://journal11.magtechjournal.com/cjcnn/CN/Y2020/V20/I2/86

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