Abstract: Mycobacteria and their metabolites which participate in the reprogramming of neurogliocytes and neuroprotection were summarized in this article, and the probable signaling pathways were also analyzed. The bacteria from digestive tract including periodontal and intestines involving in central nervous system diseases, such was Alzhermer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), autism and so on, was introduced as well.

Key words: Nervous system diseases, Mycobacterium, Bacteria, Intestines, Review

摘要： 对分枝杆菌属细菌及其代谢产物参与神经胶质细胞重编程和神经保护过程进行阐述，并分析其中可能涉及的信号转导通路；系统介绍包括牙周病相关细菌、肠道菌群在内的消化道细菌及其代谢产物与阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化、自闭症等中枢神经系统疾病发生与发展的关系。

关键词: 神经系统疾病, 分枝杆菌属, 细菌, 肠, 综述