Advances in research on exosome biomarkers in common malignant brain tumors

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.11.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be divided into apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes based on their origin and size. Exosomes are among the smallest and most characteristic vesicles that can be secreted by different types of cells, including nervous system cells and their originating tumor cells, which perform important functions in the nervous system. Exosomes extracted from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are carriers of eukaryotic cells used to exchange biological information such as proteins, mRNA, and microRNA (miRNA). These biomolecules are involved in cell signaling, tumor cell proliferation and migration, and angiogenesis. Exosomes are not only a new biomarker detection method, but also provide potential molecular therapeutic targets, and are expected to become carriers of anti-cancer drug delivery. This review will focus on the current status of exosomes in glioblastoma and medulloblastoma, which is the most common in adults and children, and biomolecules carried by exosomes. The role of biomarkers in brain tumors and their application prospects in clinical treatment are discussed.

Key words: Glioblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Exosomes, Biomarkers,tumor, Review

摘要：

细胞外囊泡可基于其起源或大小分为凋亡小体、微泡体和外泌体。外泌体是其中最小且最具特征的囊泡，由不同种类细胞分泌释放，包括神经细胞及其起源的肿瘤细胞，在神经系统中发挥重要功能。从血液和脑脊液中提取的外泌体是真核细胞用于交换蛋白质、mRNA和微小RNA等生物学信息的载体，这些生物分子参与细胞信号转导、肿瘤细胞增殖迁移及血管生成。外泌体不仅是一种新的生物学标志物检测方法，更可提供潜在的分子治疗靶点，并且有望成为抗肿瘤药物传递的载体。本文重点介绍外泌体在胶质母细胞瘤和髓母细胞瘤中的研究现状，并对外泌体携带的生物分子在脑肿瘤中作为生物学标志物的作用机制及其在临床治疗中的应用前景进行探讨。

关键词: 胶质母细胞瘤, 髓母细胞瘤, 外泌体, 生物标记,肿瘤, 综述

WU Xiao-yu, ZHU Liang-yi, CHANG Qing. Advances in research on exosome biomarkers in common malignant brain tumors[J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2019, 19(11): 832-839.

武笑宇, 朱靓怡, 常青. 常见恶性脑肿瘤外泌体生物学标志物研究进展[J]. 中国现代神经疾病杂志, 2019, 19(11): 832-839.

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