摘要： 脑微出血是脑小血管病的重要影像学特征之一。其数目和空间分布特征与自发性脑出血的发生和复发密切相关，脑微出血灶≥5 个和单纯脑叶微出血是自发性脑出血的重要危险因素。此外，脑微出血对颅内动脉瘤和烟雾病相关性自发性脑出血的发生也有预测价值。脑微出血检测有助于临床对脑出血进行风险分层，同时可以作为神经外科医师进行手术决策的重要参考指标。

关键词: 脑出血, 综述

Abstract: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) is one of the most important neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). It has been validated that the number and spatial distribution of CMBs are closely related to the risk of first - ever and recurrence of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage.CMBs account ≥ 5 and strictly limited in brain lobar are risk factors for increased incidence of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage. In addition, CMBs could also serve as a potential predictive factor for the risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysms and the occurrence of Moyamoya disease - related spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage. Thus, CMBs would be very important for stratification of cerebral hemorrhage patients in clinical studies, and could provide complementary information for neurosurgeons to make surgical decisions.

Key words: Cerebral hemorrhage, Review