摘要：

肌张力障碍是一种运动障碍性疾病，临床特点为持续性或间断性肌肉收缩，导致异常、重复运动或姿势。颈部肌张力障碍是最常见的临床类型，肉毒毒素注射是一线治疗方法，但部分患者疗效欠佳。在头颈部功能解剖学基础上形成的“头-颈”概念的引入，将颈部肌张力障碍分为8种基本类型，有助于临床医师精确分析颈部肌张力障碍的异常姿势，改善肉毒毒素治疗效果。

关键词: 张力失调, 颈肌, 综述

Abstract:

Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements, postures, or both. Botulinum toxin (BTX) has been recommended as the first-line treatment choice for the most common subtype, i.e. cervical dystonia. But some patients respond poor to BTX injection. In the new "collum-caput (COL-CAP)" concept, which is generated based on cervical functional anatomy, the abnormal postures of cervical dystonia are divided into 8 basic types instead of previous 4. The concept is helpful for clinicians to analyze the abnormal posture precisely, and improve the efficacy of BTX injection thereafter.

Key words: Dystonia, Neck muscles, Review