Table of Content

05 March 2025, Volume 45 Issue 3

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Original Articles

Over-expression of miR-101 alleviates ventricular remodelingin rat models with acute myocardial infarction by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling

WU Bo, GUO Hao, ZHONG Zhao, LIU Junfang, WANG Qi, GUO Jibo

2025, 45(3):  281-289.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0281

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Objective To explore the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of miR-101 on ventricular remodeling in rats after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods The AMI rat model was established using the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation method. The AMI rats were randomly divided into AMI group, agomir-NC group, miR-101 agomir group and coumermycin A1 group, another 12 rats were selected as sham group with 12in each . The targeting relationship between miR-101 and JAK2 was analyzed by Target Scan 8.0 database and double luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression of miR-101 in rat myocardium was detected by RT-qPCR. LVESD, LVEDD, LVEF and LVFS were measured by ultrasonography. The level of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in rats serum was determined by ELISA. The myocardial tissue lesion and fibrosis were detected by HE staining and Masson staining. The expression of collagenⅠ and TGF-β in rat myocardial tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, p-JAK2, JAK2, p-STAT3 and STAT3 proteins was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with AMI group and agomir-NC group, the myocardial tissue lesions and fibrotic area in miR-101 agomir group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05), the level of LVESD, LVEDD, L-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, collagenⅠ, TGF-β, N-cadherin, vimentin, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 decreased (P＜0.05). The levels of miR-101, LVEF, LVFS and E-cadherin were increased (P＜0.05). Compared with miR-101 agomir group, the myocardial tissue lesions and fibrotic area in coumermycin A1 group significantly increased (P＜0.05), the level of LVESD, LVEDD, L-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, collagenⅠ, TGF-β, N-cadherin, vimentin, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 was increased (P＜0.05). The level of miR-101, LVEF, LVFS and E-cadherin was decreased(P＜0.05). Conclusions miR-101 inhibits myocardial inflammatory lesions, myocardial fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal fransition(EMT) process after AMI with a mechanism targeting at JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thus alleviates ventricular remodeling in rats after AMI.

Establishment of a zebrafish map3k15knockout line using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology

JIA Chunyu, SHEN Yan, CHEN Gang, ZHENG Ke, QIN Yan, LI Xuemei

2025, 45(3):  290-297.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0290

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Objective To establish a homozygous zebrafish map3k15 knockout line using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology so to provide an animal model for investigation of potential role of map3k15 in renal diseases. Methods 1)Analyzing the expression pattern of map3k15 in zebrafish; 2)Establishing a homozygous map3k15 knockout zebrafish line using CRISPR/Cas9; 3)Observing the phenotypic effects of map3k15 deficiency in zebrafish. Results 1)map3k15 was expressed in the zebrafish pronephros, and map3k15/map3k15 protein was found highly conserved across species; 2)map3k15^-/- mutant zebrafish model was constructed with +2 bp mutation and +1 bp mutation; 3)map3k15 mutant zebrafish exhibited edema in yolk sac, pericardium and head during embryonic development. Conclusions A homozygous zebrafish map3k15 knockout line is successfully developed which may provide an important model for future research on the role of map3k15 in renal development and disease.

Correlation of peripheral blood miR-452 and miR-221 levelswith urinary sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy with holmium laser

XU Weijie, CHEN Jiacai, ZHAO Li, YU Zhongying, ZHU Xianzhong, LI Jinyu

2025, 45(3):  298-302.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0298

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Objective To explore the correlation between the expression of microRNA-452 (miR-452) and micro-RNA-221 (miR-221) in peripheral blood and post-operative urinary sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL). Methods From January 2019 to June 2023, 92 patients with post-operative urinary sepsis after PCNL admitted to 909 Hospital of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force were regarded as the disease group, 92 patients who underwent PCNL surgery during the same period without urinary sepsis were collected as control group. RT-qPCR was applied to detect the expression of miR-452 and miR-221 in peripheral blood; Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of urinary sepsis after PCNL surgery; Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of peripheral blood miR-452 andmiR-221 levels for post-operative urinary sepsis in PCNL patients. Results The time length of the surgical operation in disease group was longer than that in the control group, and the level of miR-452 and miR-221 in peripheral blood, were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Peripheral blood miR-452, miR-221, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), urine routine and surgical time were all influence factors for post-operative urinary sepsis in PCNL (P＜0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for the combined diagnosis of peripheral blood miR-452 and miR-221 in patients with urinary sepsis after PCNL surgery was 0.888, which was better than their individual detection (Z_{combination-miR-452}=2.005, Z_{combination-miR-221}=2.972, P=0.045, 0.003), the sensitivity and specificity were 77.17% and 91.30%, respectively. Conclusions The change of miR-452 and miR-221 level in peripheral blood is closely related to urinary sepsis after PCNL. Combined testing has a high diagnostic efficacy for post-operative urinary sepsis after PCNL surgery.

Dexmedetomidine alleviatesmyocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat models

LIU Genfeng, NAN Lu, GAO Qin, CHEN Yixuan, ZHANG Jing, YU Peng, YU Shuchun

2025, 45(3):  303-309.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0303

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Objective To investigate the relationship between the protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine (Dex) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury and cuproptosis. Methods The Langendorff models were constructed using SD rats(I/R group), which were divided into 4 groups according to different interventions during reperfusion as: sham group, I/R group, Dex group and Dex+ES-Cu group. The left ventricular peak pressure(LVSP)of the rats in the above four groups were continuously monitored in the immediate pre-ischemic period(T0), 30 min of reperfusion(T1), 60 min reperfusion(T2), 90 min reperfusion(T3),2 h of reperfusion(T4). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP), heart rate (HR), maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax) and maximum rate of drop. Subsequently, the extent of myocardial infarction was shown by1% triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) staining, and the degree of myocardial fibrosis was assessed by Sirius red staining; Myocardial enzyme profiles, oxidative stress and inflammation indexes were detected by ELISA; Copper ions were detected by copper ion detection kit in myocardial tissues; ATF3, SPI1 and FDX1 protein level expression was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the sham-operated group, the extent of myocardial infarction and fibrosis increased in the I/R group(P＜0.05), the level of serum MDA, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α was elevated(P＜0.05), and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px decreased(P＜0.05). The Dex group significantly alleviated the above changes in the I/R group, and compared with the Dex group, in the Dex+ES-Cu group myocardial tissue copper ion content at the end of perfusion was increased(P＜0.05). Both ATF3 and SPI1 protein were increased and FDX1 protein was decreased(P＜0.05). Conclusions Dex can regulate copper metabolism and improve myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MI/RI) resulted from oxidative stress and inflammation in rat model.

Exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells carryingmiR-296-3p improve symptoms of rat model with gestational diabetes mellitus

ZHAO Dan, LIU Tingxiang, ZHENG Chuwen, HE Wencong

2025, 45(3):  310-316.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0310

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Objective To investigate the improvement of exosomes (Exo) derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) carrying miR-296-3p on blood lipid metabolism and immune function in gestational diabetes mellitus rats. Methods After transfection of MSCs with miR-296-3p-NC and miR-296-3p mimics, Exo was extracted to obtain MSCs-Exo-miR-NC and MSCs-Exo-miR-296-3p, respectively. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expressionof miR-296-3p; Pregnant mice were prepared and induced to establish a GDM model by tail vein injection of streptozotocin. Then they were randomly grouped into a model group, MSCs-Exo-miR-NC group, and MSCs-Exo-miR-296-3p group with 10 each. In addition, 10 pregnant mice were prepared as the control group. The weight of mother and fetal mice, four items of blood lipids and immune organ index in each group were measured after intervention with MSCs-Exo-miR-NC and MSCs-Exo-miR-296-3p. ELISA was applied to measure the level of serum immunoglobulin and immune inflammatory factors. Flow cytometry technology was applied to detect the immune function of peripheral blood T lymphocytes of rats in various groups, and their CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ values were compared. Results Compared with the control group, the maternal rat weight and fetal rat weight, serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), IL-6 and IL-8 levels and CD8⁺ ratio of rats in model group increased (P＜0.05), the spleen and thymus index, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-2 and IL-10 levels and CD4⁺ ratio decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the maternal rat weight and fetal rat weight, serum TG, TC, LDL-C, IL-6 and IL-8 level, and CD8⁺ ratio of rats from MSCs-Exo-miR-NC group and MSCs-Exo-miR-296-3p group decreased (P＜0.05), the spleen and thymus index, serum HDL-C, IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-2 and IL-10 levels and CD4⁺ ratio all increased (P＜0.05); MSCs-Exo-miR-296-3p had a stronger effect on various indicators of GDM rats (P＜0.05). Conclusions Exo derived from MSCs carrying miR-296-3p improves blood lipid metabolism and immune function of GDM rats.

Establishment and characterization ofmouse hepatic tumor cell line with luc2-tdT expression

HAO Sijia, YANG Zhenli, BIAN Xiaocui, HOU Yuhong, LIU Yuqin

2025, 45(3):  317-322.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0317

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Objective The mouse autologous tumor model H22 is more valuable for tumor immunological-related research. This paper aims to establish mouse hepatic tumor cell line (H22-luc2-tdT)that stably express the tandem-dimer tomato(tdTomato) and luciferase genes.Establish an in vivo imaging model of cell line derived transplanted tumors。Methods Using transplanted H22 tumor tissue, primary culture and continuous passage in vitro were performed to establish a continuous cell line. Cell proliferation, chromosome analysis, organoid culture, tumorigenicity, HE and ICH of aFP,CK7, CK15 were performed to charaterize the cell line. Then the luc2-tdTplasmid was transfected into H22 cells of P22, flow cytometry and in vitro/in vivo imaging were employed to screen and verify fluorescence expression. Mycoplasma detection and species verification of the established cell lines were performed. Results The H22 cells had been continuously passaged over 50 times. The cells of passsge 22(P22) were transplanted subcutaneously and intraperitoneally into C57 and Kunming mice, with a 100% tumor formation. The HE morphology of subcutaneous transplanted tumor were consistent with the original tumor. CK⁺/AFP⁺proved that it was of liver cancer origin. The H22 cells were hypo-triploid with a modal number of 40-44 chromosomes and telocentromeres, verifing its mouse origin. The latent phase for in vitro growth of H22 lasted from d0 to d3, while the exponential phaes d3 to d5, and reach plateou at d6. Successful transfection of H22 cells with the luc2-tdT were observed with in vitro/in vivo 100% fluorescence positivity, thus named H22-luc2-tdT. The transplanted tumor tissue of H22 cells could be primarily cultured to form organoids. The detection of Mycoplasma was negative, and its mouse origin confirmed by PCR. Conclusions H22 and H22-luc2-tdT cell lines are established and characterized, which can be used for the establishment and application of in vitro and in vivo liver cancer research and metastatic cell tracking. These cell lines are deposited at and can obtain from the National Biomedical Cell Resource Center(http://www.cellresource.cn).

Up-regulation of lncRNA IGF2-ASexpression promotes progression of colorectal cancer

CUI Lijiao, WU Xiu, GU Zhiwei, ZHOU Yu, YU Caiyuan

2025, 45(3):  323-330.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0323

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Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of lncRNA insulin growth factor 2 antisense IGF2-AS in colorectal cancer; To verify the biological function of IGF2-AS in cells and to screen protein molecules regulated by IGF2-AS. Methods Using bioinformatics to predict the expression and clinical significance of IGF2-AS in colorectal cancer; Using RT-qPCR to detect the expression of IGF2-AS mRNA; Using small interfering RNA to knockdown IGF2-AS; Using CCK8, Transwell assay and flow cytometry to detect proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, respectively; Using label free quantitative proteomics to screen for factors regulated by IGF2-AS; Using databases such as GenCards, OMIM, TTD, and proteomics Results screening for core targets regulated by IGF2-AS in colorectal cancer. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that IGF2-AS was significantly upregulated in colorectal cancer(P＜0.001), its expression might be related to TNM stage (P＜0.01) and the presence of lymph node metastasis(P＜0.001); RT-qPCR Results showed that as compared to the control group, the expressionlevel of IGF2-AS mRNA was significantly up-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues (P＜0.01) and most colon cancer cells(P＜0.000 1); Clinical pathological data indicated that the expression of IGF2-AS was potentially associated with the lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05); The proliferation rate and migration rate of colorectal cancer cells transfected with IGF2-AS siRNA were significantly reduced (P＜0.000 1), and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P＜0.05); There were 13 proteins including KRAS, TCF7L2 and CASP3, that were potentially core targets regulated by IGF2-AS.Conclusions IGF2-AS is significantly up-regulated in colorectal cancer and may play a cancer promoting role in colorectal cancer development.

Plasma homocysteine concentrationand MTHFR C677T polymorphism are related to ischemic stroke

ZHANG Yuchao, XIE Mingzhang, ZHAO Mengmeng, ZHOU Xiaochun, YANG Chenyan, LIU Yanxuan

2025, 45(3):  331-335.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0331

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Objective To investigate the correlation of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level and the polymorphisms of its key metabolic enzymes methylenetetrahy-drofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with ischemic stroke (IS). Methods A total of 310 patients with IS were enrolled as the case group and 330 healthy subjects during the same period were selected as the control group. Plasma Hcy concentration was detected by enzyme cycling method, and the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detecte the genotypes of MTHFR C677T. Results The frequencies of TT genotype (36.13%),CT genotype (10.00%) and T allele (28.06%) of MTHFR gene C677T locus in stroke patients were significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05).The frequency of the TT genotype was significantly higher in IS group compared to control group, indicating a recessive mode of inheritance(P＜0.05); In the dominant mode of inheritance, the frequency of CT+TT genotype in IS group wasalso significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.05); The plasma Hay concentration of MTHFR C677T genotype TT, CT and CC patients was statistically different (P＜0.05), which were (20.91±6.78) μmol/L(17.20±5.39)μmol/L, (14.35±4.32)μmol/L, respectively; The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of plasma total Hcy level was 0.610 (95% CI: 0.566 ~ 0.653, P＜0.001). It indicated that it might play an important role in predicting the risk of suffering from IS. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that plasma Hcy level and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism were important risk factors of IS. Conclusions Elevated plasma Hcy level is associated with IS, and the synergistic effect of elevated Hcy level and MTHFR C677T gene mutation may increase the risk of IS.

Mannitol promotes the apoptosis ofhuman lung squamous carcinoma cell line NCI-H292

LI Huangyi, HUANG Daohang, ZHANG Wenyu, HUANG Dingming, HUANG Qichun

2025, 45(3):  336-340.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0336

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Objective To investigate the effects of 20% mannitol injection on the proliferation and apoptosis of human lung squamous carcinoma cell line NCI-H292 and its possible mechanisms. Methods NCI-H292 cells were incubated with 20% and lower concentrations of mannitol. Cell proliferation and viability were detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, mannitol inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P＜ 0.05), 20% mannitol could induce cell apoptosis (P＜ 0.05). The expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly reduced, while that expression level of Bax was significantly increased in cells incubated with 20% mannitol (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions Clinically used 20% mannitol injection can induce apoptosis of lung squamous carcinoma cell line NCI-H292. Its mechanism is related to mitochondrial pathway-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax.

Serum miR-409-3p and miR-325-3p in primaryliver cancer are associated with the efficacy of interventional therapy

JIA Huiwen, LIU Yun, XU Yun, YANG Qi, YANG Ke

2025, 45(3):  341-345.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0341

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Objective To explore the relationship between miR-409-3p and miR-325-3p with the efficacy of interventional therapy in patients with primary liver cancer. Methods Ninety-six patients with primary liver cancer who visited Nanyang Central Hospital from October 2021 to January 2024 were regarded as the liver cancer group. All patients underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)treatment and were separated into an effective group(complete remission,partial remission)and an ineffective group(disease stability, disease progression)basedon the treatment effect. Totally 91 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent treatment in our hospital during the same period were selected as liver cancer group and 98 healthy individuals who received physical examinations during the same period were selected as the healthy group. Serum miR-409-3p,miR-325-3p levels were detected and analyzed for their correlation. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the relevant factors affecting the efficacy of TACE treatment. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was applied to evaluate their predictive value for TACE treatment efficacy of serum miR-409-3p,miR-325-3p levels. Results Compared with the healthy group,the serum level of miR-409-3p and miR-325-3p in the liver cirrhosis group and liver cancer group were reduced(P＜0.05). Compared with the liver cirrhosis group,the serum level of miR-409-3p and miR-325-3p in the liver cancer group were also reduced(P＜0.05). Compared with the effective group,the serum level of miR-409-3p and miR-325-3p in the ineffective group significantly decreased(P＜0.05). There was a positive correlation between serum level of miR-409-3p and of miR-325-3p in patients with primary liver cancer(r=0.472,P＜0.001). The elevated level of miR-409-3p and miR-325-3p were protective factors for ineffective TACE treatment in primary liver cancer patients(P＜0.05). The combination of serum miR-409-3p and miR-325-3p was superior to single prediction in predicting efficacy after TACE treatment in primary liver cancer patients(Z_{combination - miR-409-3p}=4.556,P＜0.001,Z_{combination-miR-325-3p}=2.613,P＜0.01). Conclusions The serum level of miR-409-3p as well as miR-325-3p is both reduced in patients with primary liver cancer,and is related to the efficacy of interventional therapy.

Up-regulation of miR-338-3p alleviatesIL-13-induced injury of human bronchial cell line BEAS-2B

FU Haiwei, GUO Weiwei, SHENG Fen, LIU Donghong

2025, 45(3):  346-353.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0346

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Objective To investigate the effects of miR-338-3p on interleukin (IL) -13-induced human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) injury and airway inflammation in mice with ovalbumin (OVA) -induced asthma. Methods OVA was used to replicate an asthma model of mice, which were divided into control group, model group, miR-NC agomir and miR-338-3p agomir intervention groups. HE staining microscopy was employed to observe the pathological morphology of lung tissue, while TUNEL staining was used to assess cell apoptosis in lung tissue. ELISA was conducted to measure the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in lung tissue. The BEAS-2B cells were subjected to IL-13-induced injury and divided into control group, IL-13group, IL-13+miR-NC group, and IL-13+miR-338-3p mimic group. Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate cell apoptosis. The level of IL-1β and TNF-α in cells was measured by ELISA. The targeting relationship between miR-338-3p and Ras homologous (Rho) was investigated using bioinformatics analysis, luciferase assay, Western blot, and functional repair assay. Results Compared to the model group, the miR-338-3p agamid intervention group exhibited a significant reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration and airway wall thickening in lung tissue, as well as decreased cell apoptosis and the level of IL-1β and TNF-α in lung tissue (P＜0.05). Compared to the control group, cell viability of BEAS-2B cells in the IL-13+miR-338-3p mimic group exhibited a significant increase (P＜0.05), while apoptosis and level of IL-1β and TNF-α within the cells demonstrated a notable decrease (P＜0.05). Rho was a target gene of miR-338-3p, and over-expression of Rho attenuated the effect of miR-338-3p mimic on IL-13-induced injury and inflammation in BEAS-2B cells. Conclusions Up-regulation of miR-338-3p can inhibit asthma-related airway inflammation and injury of lung epithelial cells with a potential mechanism targeting at Rho gene.

Nail changes under different CO₂ fractionallaser parameters using white light interferometry

MA Hongyan, WANG Hongwei

2025, 45(3):  354-359.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0354

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Objective To evaluate the impact of different CO₂ fractional laser parameters on the formation of microscopic treatment zone (MTZ) on the nail surface and to compare the observations of these areas using various instruments. Methods This study applied 60 different combinations of CO₂ fractional laser parameters, including pulse widths ranging from 100-1 000 μs and powers from 10-60 W, on bovine hoof samples. The formation and overall changes of MTZ on the nail surface were subsequently observed and compared using optical microscopy, inverted microscopy, and white light interferometry. The relationships between MTZ and various laser parameters were analyzed. Results Significant statistical differences were observed between white light interferometry and inverted microscopy in MTZ assessment(P＜0.001). White light interferometry demonstrated greater accuracy and reliability in measuring micro-ablative column(MAC) and thermal coagulation zone (TCZ). There were also significant statistical differences in MAC formation based on CO₂ fractional laser parameters(P＜0.001), with the strongest correlation found between pulse width and MTZ(0.656 68-0.772 62). Longer pulse widths correlated with larger MACareas and depths, as well as increased TCZ thickness. Conclusions White light interferometry shows significant advantages in assessing the impact of CO₂ fractional laser ablation on tissue depth. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing laser parameters in the treatment of nail disorders and contribute to enhancing the safety and efficacy of such therapies.

Relationship between fibrinogenand bone mineral density in patients with spinal degenerative disease

XU Dongjiang, LIU Wuzheng, WANG Kedi

2025, 45(3):  360-364.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0360

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Objective To investigate the correlation between coagulation system biomarkers and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with spinal degenerative diseases. Methods A total of 251 patients who underwent surgical treatment for spinal degenerative diseases at the Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, from March to October 2019, were enrolled in this study. These patients had both BMD data and coagulation system test Results available. The distribution of coagulation indicators, including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen(Fib), and thrombin time (TT), was analyzed across different gender and BMD groups. Results A retrospective analysis of laboratory coagulation indicators revealed that in male patients, only fibrinogen levels were significantly increased with the reduction of BMD (P＜0.05). PTand APTT did′t show significant differences in female patients across BMD groups, but fibrinogen levels increased with the decrease in BMD (P＜0.05). Patients were classified into osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis groups based on their BMD Results. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the binary variable of BMD grouping and patients′ coagulation indicators. TheResults showed a significant negative correlation between BMD grouping and fibrinogen levels in both genders (P＜0.05). Conclusions Fibrinogen level in patients with spinal degenerative diseases significantly increases as BMD decreases, suggesting that fibrinogen may serve as a predictive biomarker for BMD stratification in these patients.

Clinical Sciences

Analysis of risk factors for postoperativepulmonary complications following newborn necrotizing enterocolitis

AI Ying, LU Pan, NIU Xiaoli

2025, 45(3):  365-369.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0365

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Objective To identify risk factors of pulmonary complications (PPCs) following neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods The electronic medical record system data of children diagnosed with NEC who underwent partial enterocolectomy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2018 to January 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. According to the occurrence of PPCs in 7 days after surgery, the children were divided into two groups: PPCs group and non-PPCs group. Pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative data of the children from two groups were collected and statistically analyzed. Risk factors for PPCs were screened out by univariate independent variables, and variables with differences between groups in univariateanalysis were included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis to further determine the risk factors for PPCs in NEC. Results A total of 216 children meeting the criteria were included, of which 86(40%) had PPCs and 130(60%) had no PPCs. The Results of univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that pre-operative low body mass, low gestational age, high American Society Anesthesiologists(ASA)grade, low pre-operative hemoglobin level, intra-operative volume control ventilation, no positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP), intra-operative hypoxemia were correlated with the occurrence of PPCs in the two groups, and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05). Through the Results of univariate analysis, collinear variables were corrected, and variables with differences between groups were included in multivariate Logistic regression. It was found that pre-operative low body weight(OR=0.262, 95% CI:0.144-0.447, P＜0.001),intra-operative volume control ventilation(OR=0.471, 95% CI:0.261-0.850, P＜0.05) and intra-operative PEEP(OR=0.064, 95% CI:0.007-0.623, P＜0.05) were identified as risk factors for PPCs in children with NEC. Conclusions Pre-operative low body weight, intra-operative volume control ventilation and non-use of PEEP are independent risk factors for PPCs in children with NEC.

Clinical value of combined detection of SAA,PCT and hs-CRP in predicting neonatal septicemia

LU Jiali, WU Yunlu

2025, 45(3):  370-374.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0370

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Objective To study the performance of serum amyloid A (SAA), procalcitonin (PCT) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in predicting and evaluating therapeutic efficacy of neonatal septicemia. Methods Totally 63 neonates with clinical diagnosis of septicemia and 50 healthy neonates as control from January 2021 to April 2024 were enrolled this study. The clinical features and the Results of SAA, PCT and hs-CRP were compared between the two groups; The Results of SAA, PCT and hs-CRP of neonates suffering from septicemia with different therapeutic outcomes were compared. Results There was no significant difference in clinical features(age, birth weight, mode of delivery, etc.) between the two groups, and the positive rate of blood culture in neonates with septicemia was only 12.7%, gram-positive cocci were the main pathogens; The level of SAA, PCT and hs-CRP in sepsis group was significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.01);The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve(AUC) of the three indexes was higher than 0.7, and the AUC of the combined detectionwas 0.9, the sensitivity was 90.55%; The Results of the three indexes were significantly decreased in effective group after treatment(P＜0.01), and the AUC of the joint detection in evaluating therapeutic efficacy was 0.77, the sensitivity and specificity were 65.36% and 82.45% respectively. Conclusions A combined detection of SAA, PCT and hs-CRP shows high value in diagnosis and prognosis prediction of neonatal septicemia.

Clinical characteristics of renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma

ZHANG Dakun, ZHANG Hongbo, DONG Dexin, GAO Xiang, MENG Qiang, GAO Jiyuan

2025, 45(3):  375-377.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0375

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Objective To retrospectively review 19 cases of renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma (REAML) and to explore the clinical characteristics and diagnostic Methods in order to optimize diagnosis and clinical treatment. Methods Clinical data of 19 patients with REAML admitted to the hospital from June 2020 to March 2024 were reviewed for clinical characteristics of the disease, surgical procedure and follow-up outcomes. Results All 19 patients received successful laparoscopic surgery. Among them, 16 cases received retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and 3 cases received retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.Post-operative pathological diagnoses indicated that all cases were classified as renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma. After 4-45 months of follow-up, no tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed. Conclusions Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma is a rare clinical disease with potential malignant transformation as recurrence and metastasis. Complete resection of the tumor by surgery is an effective treatment. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is the first choice.

Mini Reviews

Role of hyperuricemia in diabetic nephropathy

DENG Jie, WEI Jiali

2025, 45(3):  378-381.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0378

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Hyperuricemia (HUA), characterized by abnormal uric acid (UA) metabolism, leads to the accumulation of urate salts within the kidney. This accumulation not only disrupts glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption functions but also triggers oxidative stress, inflammation,and up-regulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RASS), all of which damage renal cells and tissues. These mechanisms contribute to renal fibrosis and accelerate the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN)/diabetic kidney disease(DKD). These findings underscore the role of HUA as a risk factor for the advancement of DKD, emphasizing the critical importance of effective UA control in delaying its development.

Progress on dietary therapy for gout and hyperuricemia

JIN Lei, WU Qianqian, ZHANG Xiaomin, GUO Jie, WANG Feng

2025, 45(3):  382-389.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0382

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This review briefs the anti-hyperuricemia(HUA) mechanism of nutrition targeting the gut, such as the gut microbiota promoting the catabolism of purine and uric acid(UA), and increased its metabolites like uric acid. The review also summarizes the probiotics and prebiotics that have the effect of lowering uric acid targeting at the gut, providing reference and guidance for further research. In addition, this paper reviews the effects of various diets, such as the dietary approaches to stop hypertension(DASH) diet, the Mediterranean diet, and the low-purine diet, as well as the effects of individual foods including alcohol, coffee and tea, cherries, dairy products, fructose, and vitamin C on hyperuricemia and gout outcomes.

Platelet-rich plasma combined withmesenchymal stem cells to repair endometrial injury

YE Ke, WEI Huafang, SONG Chengwen

2025, 45(3):  390-394.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0390

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Endometrial injury disease is a kind of uterine disease of thin endometrium and intrauterine adhesion caused by endometrial basal layer damage. The current clinical use of drug therapy and hysteroscopy surgery can not have good curative effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can secrete a variety of active factors to regulate the inflammatory response and immune response of endometrial, promote endometrial proliferation and repair, and there is a mutual promoting effect between the two. Combined use can provide a new idea for the clinical treatment of endometrial injury diseases.

Effects of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury on distal organ function

XING Yurun, CHEN Suying, TU Jinheng, HE Bosheng

2025, 45(3):  395-398.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0395

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Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury firstly causes damage to the intestine itself. After the intestinal barrier and function are impaired, bacteria, metabolites and endotoxins in the intestine will enter the portal system through the damaged intestinal mucosa, and then participate in the systemic microcirculatory system through the liver to act on the distal organs. This leads to further damage and induces reperfusion syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS), which can lead to death in severe cases.

Advance of circRNA in the research on orthopedic diseases

LYU Shugang, ZHAO Tong, CHEN Guoliang, DU Xin, WANG Wenji

2025, 45(3):  399-403.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0399

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Circular RNAs(circRNAs) are a class of closed-loop non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) formed by head-to-tail covalent bonds. CircRNAs participate in the development of osteoarthritis by regulating extracellular matrix degradation, inflammatory response and homeostasis of chondrocytes; It regulates the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the activity of bone microvascular endothelial cells and angiogenesis to affect femoral head necrosis; It regulates the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts to cause osteoporosis and it affects the invasion, metastasis and drug resistance of osteosarcoma through different pathogenesis. CircRNAs are expected to become a new clinical diagnostic marker in the future.

Progress on vitamin D in the preventionand treatment of colorectal cancer and its supplementation applications

ZHANG Shujun, LI Tiantian, ZHONG Mingliang, ZHANG Jian, DONG Xinmin

2025, 45(3):  404-408.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0404

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Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in digestive system, because of its incidence and mortality rates rising annually in China, seriously threating to people′s lives and health. Vitamin D plays an important role in inhibiting colorectal cancer by suppressing tumor cell proliferation, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis and also, enhancing the body′s immune system. This article summarizes and analyzes the specific mechanisms by which vitamin D inhibits the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, and discusses the current progress in research on vitamin D supplementation, providing new references for the early prevention and adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer.

Progress of P2X receptor in neuropathic pain and migraine

YANG Bin, GE Zhaoming

2025, 45(3):  409-412.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0409

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Migraine is a complex neurological disorder with unknown etiology, involving genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenesis of migraine is closely related to the activation of microglia and inflammatory factors. ATP is a ligand for the P2X receptor (P2XR), a ligand gated ion channel (LGIC) widely expressed in neurons and glial cells. This review elucidates that P2X (P2X3, P2X4, P2X7) receptors regulate the activation of microglia and release of inflammatory factors through different signaling pathways, mediating neuropathic pain and migraine occurrence, providing potential targets for the treatment of migraine.

Medical Education

Application of pedagogies of PBL and CBL combinedwith ideological-political elements in surgical clinical ethics

CAO Zhen, XIE Jing, HAN Jiashu, YI Jie, WENG Xisheng, LIN Chen, WANG Weibin

2025, 45(3):  413-416.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0413

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Objective To evaluate the application of problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) combined with ideological-political elements in surgical clinical ethics. Methods Eighty graduate students of grade 2022 majoring in surgery from Peking Union Medical College were selected as the subjects for the clinical ethics course offered in the first semester of the 2022—2023 academic year. They underwent the innovative pedagogies of PBL and CBL combined with ideological-political elements. The satisfaction investigation and questionnaire surveys were performed to evaluate the effects. Results A total of 78 valid questionnaires were received. The Results showed that 96.2% of students believed that this course supported them to understand the fundamental principles and knowledge of surgical clinical ethics and 94.9% of students expressed their willingness to expand their knowledge, indicating high satisfaction with the course. There were 91% of students acknowledged this model in terms of improving active learning and 93.6% stated that the course helped in developing good professional ethics.Most students responded positively to this model because of its contribution to enhance core clinical competencies. Conclusions The PBL and CBL combined with ideological-political elements have a better effect on surgical clinical ethics with high satisfaction of the students.

Application of “sequential theory” combined with“clinical simulation” in musculoskeletal intervention teaching

FU Shuai, JIANG Jie, ZHAO Bo, XUE Heng, JIANG Ling

2025, 45(3):  417-420.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2025.03.0417

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Objective To evaluate “sequential theory” combined with “clinical simulation” method in teaching ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal intervention therapy. Methods Thirty-four students who participated in the “Musculoskeletal Ultrasound and New Technology Excellent Class” organized by the Department of Ultrasound Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital from November 20 to November 24, 2023 were selected as the study objects. After “sequential theory” and “clinical simulation” training, the trainees joined theoretical examination, ultrasound operation and model puncture examination, then a questionnaire survey was carried out. Results The theoretical and practical test scores of 34 students were all qualified, and there was no statistical difference in theoretical and practical test Results among students with different educational backgrounds, professional titles and whether they came from basic hospitals. The questionnaire showed that the students were satisfied with the content of the class. Conclusions The application of “sequential theory” and “clinical simulation” Methods improves training outcomes of musculoskeletal ultrasound interventional therapy and shortens the learning curve of students.