Table of Content

05 October 2023, Volume 43 Issue 10

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Original Articles

Transduction of yeast NDI1 gene reduces the damages demonstrated by a rotenone-induced differentiated Parkinson's disease cell model

SHEN Luxi, XU Xuejing, YE Yifan, CHEN Zhuo, CHEN Lan, SHEN Yuqi, LI Hongzhi

2023, 43(10):  1491-1497.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1491

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Objective To provide a basis for gene therapy of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) caused by mitochondrial complex Ⅰ dysfunction, yeast complex Ⅰ (expressed by internal NADH dehydrogenase,NDI1) was tested to replace human complex Ⅰ with functional defects. Methods The recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV-NDI1) infected the rotenone-induced differentiated cell model of PD. Three groups (DMSO+vector, rotenone+vector, rotenone+NDI1) were designed. The cytopathology and mitochondrial functions were examined by the methods of Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, measurement of oxygen consumption, ATP content and ROS, etc. Results Compared with rotenone+vector group, the rotenone+NDI1 group showed significantly improved cell morphology, increase in cell survival (P＜0.05), and decrease in level of pS129 α-synuclein and of whole-cell autophagy (P＜0.05, P＜0.001). Compared with rotenone+vector group, the rotenone+NDI1 group also displayed significant increase of complex Ⅰ-dependent oxygen consumption (P＜0.01), significant increase in total cellular ATP synthesis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation-coupled ATP synthesis (P＜0.01),significant decrease in the level of mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial mitophagy(P＜0.01, P＜0.001). Conclusions Yeast NDI1 can replace and compensate complex Ⅰ-related functional defects in rotenone-induced differentiated PD cell model, and can alleviate the damage of cytopathology and mitochondrial functions.

Knockdown of lncRNA RP11-626G11.3 inhibits proliferation and migration of human renal carcinoma cell lines through regulating miR-532-3p

WANG Wenlong, TANG Yijun, WANG Qingbing, CHEN Ke, CHENG Jiqiang

2023, 43(10):  1498-1504.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1498

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Objective To study the expression of long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) RP11-626G11.3 in renal cancer tissues and cell lines, and to explore the effect of knockdown of RP11-626G11.3 on the biological behavior of renal cancer cells. Methods The GEPIA database was used to analyze the expression of RP11-626G11.3 in renal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, and the TCGA database was used to analyze the relationship between the expression of RP11-626G11.3 and the survival time of renal cancer patients. The expression of RP11-626G11.3 in various renal cancer cell lines was detected by qPCR. The renal cancer cells with the highest expression of RP11-626G11.3 were selected and transfected with control plasmid (si-NC group) and RP11-626G11.3 silencing plasmid (si-RP11-626G11.3 group). Cell proliferation and migration were examined by MTT assay and cell scratch assay. The microRNA (miRNA) binding to RP11-626G11.3 was found by bioinformatics method, and verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment. The expression of miR-532-3p in the two groups of cells was detected by qPCR. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the two groups of cells. Results Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression of RP11-626G11.3 was up-regulated in renal cancer tissues (P＜0.01). Compared with patients with high expression of RP11-626G11.3, patients with low expression of RP11-626G11.3 had a longer survival time (P＜0.01). Compared with immortalized renal tubular epithelial cells, the expression of RP11-626G11.3 was up-regulated in renal cancer cell lines (P＜0.01), and the expression of RP11-626G11.3 was the highest in OS-RC-2 cells (P＜0.01). Compared with si-NC group, the viability of OS-RC-2 cells in si-RP11-626G11.3 group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05) with decreased cell migration rate(P＜0.01). RP11-626G11.3 was found to target at miR-532-3p (P＜0.01). Compared with the si-NC group, the expression of miR-532-3p in OS-RC-2 cells in the si-RP11-626G11.3 group was significantly up-regulated (P＜0.01), and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway proteins β-catenin, Axin2, C-myc, cyclin D1 and MMP7 decreased. Conclusions The expression of RP11-626G11.3 is increased in renal cancer tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of RP11-626G11.3 inhibits the proliferation and migration of renal cancer cells by regulating the expression of miR-532-3p.

PPARα-deficiency exacerbates ethanol-induced chronic injury of gastric mucosa in mice

HU Xiao, GUO Ran, ZHANG Xuguang

2023, 43(10):  1505-1511.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1505

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Objective To investigate the impact and mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor α (PPARα) deletion on long-term ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. Methods Wild-type and PPARα-knockout mice were treated with ethanol-containing diet and control diet respectively, and randomized into 4 groups. After 16 weeks, the histopathological changes of gastric mucosa were observed. ELISA and RT-qPCR were used to detect the contents and expression of inflammatory factors in serum and gastric tissues. The serum and gastric malondialdehyde(MDA) contents were tested by commercially available kit. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of gastric NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. Results Compared with wild-type mice in ethanol- diet group,PPARα-knockout mice showed more severe gastric mucosal injury and the serum TNF-α,IL-1β and gastric MDA content were significantly increased (P＜0.05); The mRNA of the downstream target genes, TNF-α, IL-1β and ICAM-1, were all significantly increased (P＜0.05). The level of nuclear protein p65 was increased(P＜0.01). Conclusions PPARα-deficiency aggravates ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice, and the mechanism might be related to the activation of gastric NF-κB signaling pathway.

Effects of chloroquine on proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of human cervical cancer cell line HeLa

GAO Peng, XU Dandan, ZHANG Bin, LIU Xuntao, SHU Lisha

2023, 43(10):  1512-1517.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1512

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Objective To investigate the effect of chloroquine (CQ) on proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of human cervical cancer cell line HeLa and to preliminarily explore its mechanism of action. Methods HeLa cells were divided into control group and experimental groups: chloroquine-1 to chloroquine-5 groups (25,50,75,100, 150 μmol/L CQ respectively). The cells all were cultured for 24 and 48 h; CCK-8 and colony formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation; reactive oxygen species detection kit was used to detect intracellular ROS production; flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis rate. The expression level of autophagy proteins p62, LC3 and Beclin1, apoptosis proteins Bax, Bcl-2 and PARP and PI3K/AKT/MDM2 pathway proteins was detected by protein immunoblotting. Results CQ inhibited cell proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (P＜0.01); CQ significantly inhibited cell autophagy, induced intracellular ROS production and induced apoptosis (P＜0.01). Compared with control group, CQ significantly inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT/MDM2 signaling pathway (P＜0.05). Conclusions Chloroquine may inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells and induce apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT/MDM2 pathway.

Effects of twenty kinds of chemotherapeutic agents on the proliferation of Treg cells

HUANG Wei, LING Ruiyun, GAO Lexin, TANG Wen, QIAN Lingbo, CHEN Fengyang

2023, 43(10):  1518-1521.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1518

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Objective To observe the effects of 20 chemotherapeutic agents on the proliferation of Treg cells. Methods Twenty agents used in routine chemotherapy were selected and assayed on IL-2- induced Treg cell proliferation through CellTrace labeling and flow cytometry. Results After treatment with 12 chemotherapeutic agents at non-cytotoxic concentration, the proportion as well as the number of Foxp3⁺Treg cells in CD4⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. Conclusions Twelve chemotherapeutic agents including 3 tubulin interfering agents, 3 transcription and RNA synthesis interfering agents and 2 topoisomerase inhibitors inhibited the proliferation of Treg cells.

Knockdown of prohibitin 2 promotes apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549

ZHANG Jing, YANG Zigeng, WEI Hongmei, NING Haihong, XUE Xixi, JIN Ling, WU Bin

2023, 43(10):  1522-1529.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1522

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Objective To explore mechanism of prohibitin 2(PHB2) inhibition on the apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549. Methods For stable knockdown of PHB2, A549 strain was infected with lentiviruses. A549 cells with PHB2 depletion were incubated with Mdivi-1(DRP1 inhibitor). Apoptotic index of A549 cells was evaluated by TUNEL and annexin V-FITC/PI. Mitochondrial morphology was visualized by MitoTracker. ATP content, citrate synthase activity and the level of cytochrome c in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions were analyzed by commercially available kits. Western blot was used to measure the levels of PHB2, DRP1 and p-DRP1 protein expression. Results Compared with the shCtrl group, the apoptosis of A549 cells increased significantly (P＜0.05) with up-regulated DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission (P＜0.05), down-regulated ATP content (P＜0.05) and citrate synthase activity (P＜0.05). The level of cytochrome C was decreased in mitochondrial fractions (P＜0.05). Compared with the shPHB2 group, the apoptosis of A549 cells decreased significantly (P＜0.05) with alleviated DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission (P＜0.05), increase of ATP content (P＜0.05) and citrate synthase activity(P＜0.05). The level of cytochrome C was increased in mitochondrial fractions (P＜0.05) in the shPHB2+Mdivi-1 group. Conclusions PHB2 inhibition can significantly enhance the apoptosis rate of A549 cells, potentially through promoting DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission.

Propofol promotes angiogenesis in rats with postmenopausal osteoporosis

ZHAO Xiaoqi, DONG Xin, LIU Cong, REN Pengcheng, ZHANG Liang

2023, 43(10):  1530-1536.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1530

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Objective To investigate the impact of propofol on angiogenesis in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) rats and the role of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway in this process. Methods Female Wistar rats were randomly grouped into sham operation group, PMOP group (bilateral ovariectomy), groups of propofol 2.5 mg/kg and of 5.0 mg/kg and propofol+Wnt inhibitor group (propofol 2.5 mg/kg + Wnt inhibitor 2 mg/kg), with 10 rats in each. The serum level of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), nuclear factor κB receptor activating factor ligand (RANKL), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); bone mineral density (BMD) of femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining microscopy was applied to observe pathological changes of bone tissue; the expression of CD31 in bone tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry; Western blot was applied to detect the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), VEGFA, CD31, Wnt2, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 (p-GSK-3) and β-catenin in bone tissue. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the serum RANKL level of PMOP group increased, the level of BALP, OPG, VEGF, Ang-1, expression of CD31 and protein level of BMP-2, Runx2, VEGFA, CD31, Wnt2, p-GSK-3, β-catenin all decreased (P＜0.05), the bone trabecula was damaged and the medullary cavity was enlarged; compared with the PMOP group, the changes of the above indexes in the propofol groups and the propofol+Wnt inhibitor group were obviously relieved(P＜0.05); compared with the propofol 5.0 mg/kg group, the propofol+Wnt inhibitor group showed inhibition in the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway, and weaken the promotion of propofol on angiogenesis, bone metabolism regulation and bone tissue morphology improvement in PMOP rats(P＜0.05). Conclusions Propofol may promote angiogenesis and regulate bone metabolism in PMOP rats by activating Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway as the potential mechanisms involved in anti-PMOP role process.

Upregulated RAI2 inhibits migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cell lines HEC-1-A and KLE

NIE Dan, WANG Chunyan, LI Zhengyu

2023, 43(10):  1537-1541.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1537

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Objective To investigate the effect of upregulation of retinoic acid-induced 2 (RAI2) expression on the migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells. Methods The endometrial cancer cell lines HEC-1-A and KLE were used for this study. Scratch assay and Transwell chamber assay were used to evaluate the migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the expression of RAI2, E-cadherin, and vimentin. Results The upregulation of RAI2 expression in HEC-1-A and KLE cells significantly reduced migration and invasion ability (P＜0.05). The expression levels of RAI2 and E-cadherin were increased, while the vimentin expression level was decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusions Upregulation of RAI2 expression may inhibit endometrial cancer cell migration and invasion through epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Tim-3/galectin-9 regulates Th1/Th2 cell balance in lipopolysaccharide-induced human lymphocytes

SUN Xiaoli, ZHANG Jinjin, SONG Fengying, HUANG Yongli, CHEN Lili, XING Yanchao

2023, 43(10):  1542-1548.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1542

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Objective To investigate the mechanism of Tim-3/galectin-9 in T helper type 1/2 (Th1/Th2) cell imbalance in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced human lymphocytes. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from patients with sepsis. The expression of Tim-3, galectin-9, T-bet and GATA3 were detected by RT-qPCR; ELISA was used for detecting sTim-3, galectin-9, IFN-γ and IL-4.Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with LPS and then cytokines related to Th1 and Th2 cells in the supernatant of cell culture were detected by ELISA; Western blot was used to detect the expression of JAK2/STAT3 related factors; Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to identify relationship among Tim-3, galectin-9,IFN-γ and IL-4. Results The mRNA expression of Tim-3 and galectin-9 in peripheral blood of patients with sepsis was increased, and protein expression of Tim-3, galectin-9, IL-4 and GATA-3 was increased significantly. The levels of IFN-γ and T-bet were decreased and levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were elevated. After blocking Tim-3 expression, IFN-γ level increased, while IL-4 level decreased significantly. Phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 decreased. Level of Tim-3 and of IL-4 was positively correlated with galectin-9, while Tim-3 was negatively correlated with IFN-γ;IFN-γ was negatively correlated with galectin-9, and Tim-3 was positively correlated with IL-4. Conclusions Tim-3/galectin-9 regulates the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and leads to the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells in LPS induced inflammation.

Recombinant Newcastle virus rL-RVG inhibits proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines

ZHANG Zhenzhen, LI Yang, GAO Shengbao, XIA Dexin, YAN Yulan

2023, 43(10):  1549-1556.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1549

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Objective Exploration of recombinant Newcastle disease virus with stable expression of rabies virus glycoprotein(rL-RVG) to inhibit the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and PC9. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and PC9 were cultured in vitro, and cells in logarithmic proliferation phase were collected and divided into control group, Newcastle disease virus infection group (NDV), recombinant Newcastle disease virus infection group(rL-RVG),ferroptosis group (Erastin) and recombinant Newcastle disease virus combined with ferroptosis inducer group (rL-RVG+Erastin). After 24 h of incubation, cell morphology was observed by microscope and cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method, cell migration was detected by scratch test, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured by cytotoxicity assay kit, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of ferroptosis related proteins (p53, SLC7A11, GPX4) was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, the cell counting, cell proliferation and distance of migration were significantly reduced in the NDV group, rL-RVG group and Erastin group(P＜0.001). LDH release and total ROS level were significantly increased (P＜0.01), p53 protein expression was significantly increased(P＜0.001), while SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression were significantly decreased (P＜0.001). rL-RVG group had a more pronounced effect as compared with NDV group. rL-RVG+Erastin group had significantly decreased cell number, cell proliferation capacity and distance of migration compared with rl-RVG and Erastin groups(P＜0.05), and LDH release and total ROS level were significantly increased(P＜0.05), p53 protein expression was significantly increased (P＜0.001), while SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression were significantly decreased (P＜0.001). Conclusions rL-RVG can exert a similar effect to Erastin to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, and its effect is much stronger than that of NDV. This provides new insights into rL-RVG-induced cell death and highlights the critical role of oncolytic viruses in the treatment of tumors.

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 promotes endometrial fibrosis in rats

JIN Guoyu, YANG Chunrun, HE Jing, ZHANG Shurong, LIU Huanhuan, LI Changzhong

2023, 43(10):  1557-1561.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1557

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Objective To investigate the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in endometrial fibrosis in rats and related mechanisms. Methods Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=12) and model group (n=12). Uterine tissues were collected on days 7, 14 and 18 after surgery. HE staining and Masson staining were measured the number of endometrial glands and degree of endometrial fibrosis. The protein expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the uterine structure of the rats in the model group was significantly disrupted; there was a significant increase in TGF-β1 expression in the model group at 7 days,14 days, and 28 days of modeling; the number of endometrial glands decreased, the fibrotic area of endometrium increased and the expression of α-SMA was significantly higher at 14 days and 28 days of modeling. Conclusions TGF-β1 may promote endometrial fibrosis by activating myofibroblasts.

IL-6 promotes necrotic apoptosis of mouse microglia cell line BV2

ZHENG Jianbin, WU Shaohua, HUANG Yujing

2023, 43(10):  1562-1566.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1562

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Objective To explore the regulatory mechanism of microglia apoptosis in neuroinflammation. Methods LPS was used to establish mouse microglia cell line BV2 cells as a neuroinflammatory microglia model, IL-6 antagonist siltuximab was applied to treat LPS-induced BV2 cells. CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation of cells. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. ELISA kit was used to detect the content of pro-inflammatory related factors IL-6 and TNF-α. The expression of M1 polarization markers IL-1β, IFN-γ and M2 polarization markers CD206, Arg-1 in BV2 cell was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway key proteins and necroptosis related proteins RIP1 and RIP3 was detected by Western blot. Results After LPS induction, the proliferation of BV2 cells decreased, apoptosis increased, and the contents of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α increased (P＜0.01). The expression of M1 polarization markers IL-1β and IFN-γ increased, and the expression of M2 polarization markers CD206 and Arg-1 decreased(P＜0.01). The phosphorylation of JAK-STAT3 key protein increased, and the relative protein expression of RIP1 and RIP3 (P＜0.01). After treatment with IL-6 antagonist siltuximab, phosphorylation of JAK-STAT3 key proteins decreased, and RIP1 and RIP3 protein decreased (P＜0.01). Conclusions IL-6 may activate JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway to promote necroptosis of mouse microglia in neuroinflammation.

Clinical Sciences

Comparison of nalbuphine and sufentanil in preventing of catheter- related bladder discomfort after transurethral ureteroscopic lithotripsy

YANG Wangyan, LI Lei, REN Haiqiang, DU Juan, YAN Li, YANG Yanwei

2023, 43(10):  1567-1571.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1567

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Objective To compare the analgesic effect of nalbuphine and sufentanil in preventing catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) after transurethral ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Methods A total of 158 male patients undergoing transurethral ureteroscopic lithotripsy with general anesthesia, classified with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status as grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ, aged from 25 to 65 years old, were selected as subjects. Patients were randomly divided into two groups with 79 in each group: nalbuphine group (group N) and sufentanil group (group S). Patients in group N were treated with 0.2 mg/kg nalbuphine, while those in group S were treated with 0.2 μg/kg sufentanil at the induction of general anesthesia. The other procedures and drugs for anesthesia induction and maintenance were same in two groups. The frequency and severity of CRBD postoperatively, Ramsay sedation score, respiratory depression and postoperative nausea and vomiting were examined at 0 min (T0), 10 min(T1), 20 min (T2), 30 min (T3), and 1 h (T4) after recovery from general anesthesia. Results The incidence of CRBD at T3 and T4 were significantly higher than that at T0 in two groups. Compared with group S, the incidence and severity of CRBD were significantly lower in group N at T3(P＜0.05), and the Ramsay sedation score was higher in group N at T3 (P＜0.05). However, the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions Nalbuphine used for induction of general anesthesia, can effectively reduce the incidence and severity of CRBD in male patients after transurethral ureteroscopic lithotripsy during anesthesia recovery period with fewer adverse reactions.

Detection of miR-34a methylation in peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients and its clinical significance

LIU Dong, LI Qingyan, WANG Ziquan, WANG Bingwu, WANG Baoqing

2023, 43(10):  1572-1576.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1572

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Objective To explore the role of miR-34a methylation in the development of gastric cancer,and explore the correlation of miR-34a methylation with gastric cancer, pathological features and Helicobacter pylori(HP)infection. Methods The methylation level of miR-34a gene CpG island of thirty-one gastric cancer patients and tweenty-four healthy people were detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS)technique. Results The overall average methylation level of miR-34a was higher in gastric cancer than that in the control, the average methylation of miR-34a CpG_5,CpG_12.13 was significantly higher in the gastric cancer group than they were in the control group(51.7%±5.9% vs. 37.8%±7.8%,84.61%±8.2% vs. 68.1%±12.1%,P＜0.01).The methylation level of miR-34a CpG_5 in the lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that in the non-lymph node metastasis group (53.55%±4.86% vs. 47.22%±6.07%,P＜0.01),and the methylation of CpG_5 in TNM stage (stage Ⅱ + stage Ⅲ) was higher than that in stage Ⅰ(53.21%±4.8% vs. 46.57%±6.9%, P＜0.05). Conclusions The miR-34a methylation is potentially associated with the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.

Expression of STAT3 in endometrial carcinoma and its clinicopathological significance

SUN Xinzhao, LUO Yanlu, FAN Jiangtao, ZHONG Xueyan

2023, 43(10):  1577-1579.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1577

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Objective To investigate the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in endometrial cancer tissues, and to analyze its relationship with common pathological parameters. Methods The endometrial cancer tissues collected from 45 patients were selected as the observation group, and the para-cancer endometrial tissues sampled from 40 patients were selected as the control group. Immuno-histochemical staining was used to detect the expression of STAT3. The relationship between STAT3 expression and pathological parameters was analyzed. Results The positive rate of STAT3 expression in endometrial cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancer endometrial tissues(P＜0.001). The positive rate of STAT3 expression in endometrial carcinoma tissues with histological grade G2-3 and myometrium invasion＞1/2 was significantly higher than that in endometrial cancer tissues with histological grade G1 and myometrium invasion≤1/2(P＜0.05). Conclusions The expression of STAT3 is significantly increased in endometrial cancer tissues, and is related to the histological grade and myometrium invasion of endometrial cancer, which potentially support the targeted therapy and prognosis assessment of endometrial cancer.

Mini Reviews

Research progress on subcellular localization and function of long non-coding RNA

SU Yue, LIANG Linhui, HE Xianghuo

2023, 43(10):  1580-1584.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1580

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The subcellular localization of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) is closely related to its function. When localized in the nucleus, lncRNA can maintain chromatin structure, regulate gene transcription and participate in variable splicing of mRNA. When localized in the cytoplasm, lncRNA can mediate signal transduction, post-transcriptional regulation, translation and post-translational modification. When localized in the organelles, lncRNA can assist in the function of them. The subcellular localization of lncRNA is closely related to its own sequences and binding proteins. In addition, the development of lncRNA therapy will be facilitated by changing lncRNA subcellular localization in use of constructing Snovector, adding cytosolic localization elements, or techniques like APEX2, which indicates the relationship between the subcellular localization of lncRNA and its function.

Advances in the mechanism of alveolar macrophage-induced immune response to inflammation injury of lung tissue

ZHANG Chen, PU Xiang, SU Jin, TANG Yilian, ZENG Xianfa

2023, 43(10):  1585-1589.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1585

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As specialized antigen-presenting cells, alveolar macrophages play an important role in host immune defense and adaptive immune response. After local infection caused by pathogens which colonize lung tissue, alveolar macrophages can recognize and engulf pathogens through pattern recognition receptors on their surface. In severe cases, the marophages may be further activated to present the ingested antigenic material to adaptive immune cells, and can be converted into a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotype depending on changes in the tissue microenvironment.By releasing relevant signaling factors, immune responses could regulate lung inflammation injury and tissue repair.

JAK-STAT signaling pathway and diabetic complications

YU Ziman, ZHAO Bingjia, YANG Dan

2023, 43(10):  1590-1593.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1590

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Diabetes mellitus and the complications seriously affect the health and life quality of patients. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in the development and treatment of diabetic complications. This review focuses on the research progress of JAK-STAT pathway and diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Research progress of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

HUANG Lichenlu, ZHANG Jiarui, ZHENG Yongqin, HE Jundong

2023, 43(10):  1594-1598.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1594

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Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) is a new type of anti-diabetes drug. Clinical studies have shown that SGLT-2i plays a beneficial role in the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). SGLT-2i can reduce hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulate inflammatory reaction, improve liver fibrosis and increase hepatocyte autophagy to alleviate symptoms of NAFLD patients.

Research progress on neuregulin 4 regulating lipid metabolism

WANG Xueran, TIAN Zongyuan, LIU Ruixia

2023, 43(10):  1599-1603.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1599

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Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) is a novel fat secretion factor that is mainly expressed and secreted in brown fat. NRG4 specifically binds to epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (ErbB4) on hepatocyte membranes and activates downstream signaling pathways to relieve hepatic steatosis by inhibiting de novo synthesis of lipids, increasing fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. NRG4 can also regulate the expression of adipose tissue genes, reduce the insulin resistance of adipocytes, regulate vascular remodeling in adipose tissue, and benefit lipid metabolism. The favorable regulation of lipids by NRG4 may improve obesity-related metabolic disorders and might be a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.

Research progress on the role of forkhead box protein M1 in brain glioma

HOU Xinran, HOU Jingya, ZHANG Yaru, LI Haili

2023, 43(10):  1604-1607.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1604

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Glioma is the most common primary tumor found in central nervous system of adult patients. The forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is a member of the forkhead box transcription factor family, which can regulate Wnt/β-Catenin, Akt/FOXM1, p53 pathways and their own post-translational modification processes promote the malignant proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma. These results of research provide new theoretical basis and therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of glioma.

Progress in the role of NR4A1 in the development of diabetic nephropathy

LYU Wenyue, LI Jinmeng, LI Han, LIU Lei, WANG Na

2023, 43(10):  1608-1611.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1608

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As a member of the nuclear receptor subfamily, NR4A1 works with glycerol kinase, a key glucose and lipid metabolism enzyme, to lower blood glucose and boost blood lipids and maintain glucose and lipid homeostasis, while NR4A1 deficiency leads to disruption of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. NR4A1 is involved in maintaining the dynamic balance of oxide and antioxidants, reducing inflammatory responses, and promoting autophagy, among other activities. Since NR4A1 is closely related to the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy and other diseases,it has aroused widespread concern in recent years.

Changes in respiratory track microbial characteristics after airway stent placement

WANG Yue, ZHOU Yunzhi, HUANG Yan, LI Xiaoli

2023, 43(10):  1612-1615.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1612

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Airway stenting is an important clinical intervention applied in patients with airway disorders, but it may change the microbial composition of the airways. Before the placement of stents for benign and malignant airway stenosis, the predominant microbiota in the airway is Staphylococcus aureus, while after stent placement, the microbial spectrum change to gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, there is a close relationship between stent-related infection and granulation tissue growth with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Medical Education

Necessity of sketch course combined with three-dimensional reconstruction in medical imaging teaching

MENG Xiaoyan, SHEN Yaqi, LI Zhen, HU Daoyu, NIU Yonghua

2023, 43(10):  1616-1619.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1616

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The training of medical imaging emphasizes the combination of theory and practice. This study discusses the necessity and feasibility of sketch course combined with three-dimensional reconstruction in medical imaging teaching, as well as the advantages and basic requirements of sketch course.

Application of diversified teaching in the clinical teaching of Endocrinology Department for Eight-year Medical Program students

SONG An, Li Ran, LIU Yiwen, ZHOU Xiang, DUAN Lian, WANG Ou, LI Yuxiu

2023, 43(10):  1620-1624.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1620

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Objective To explore the influence of different teaching strategies on the clinical teaching effect of Eight-year Medical Program students in Endocrinology Department. Methods This study conducted an online questionnaire for evaluation of the teaching quality of training for attending doctors, residents and the effect of small lectures of medical students. Participants were students from 6th-8th grades of Eight-year Program of clinical medicine in Peking Union Medical Colleges Hospital, rotating in the Department of Endocrinology from December 2021 to April 2022. Results Questionnaires were distributed to 48 medical students who had completed the rotation of Endocrinology Department. A total of 40 valid questionnaires were recovered with a recovery rate of 83.3%. The attending doctors and residents in the ward performed well in the daily teaching activities. The busy clinical work was a main factor affecting the teaching quality. Most medical students prepared lectures within 6 hours. In addition to mastering relevant knowledge, lectures also improved the speech ability, literature retrieval ability and slide production ability of students. Conclusions Adopting diverse teaching strategies and organizing various forms of traning activity are conducive to arouse the learning enthusiasm of medical students and comprehensively improve their post competencies.

Application of Peyton's four-step teaching method in the shoulder joint musculoskeletal ultrasound training

XUE Heng, CUI Ligang, JIANG Ling

2023, 43(10):  1625-1629.  doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2023.10.1625

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Peyton's four-step teaching method is widely used in education of clinical skills. At the present study, this method was introduced into musculoskeletal ultrasound training, and the effect of this training strategy was evaluated. Problems which may occur in the process were also searched in order to improve this method. Compared to traditional method, students accepted Peyton's four-step teaching method, namely demonstration, deconstruction, comprehension and performance all achieved better scores in both theory and skill tests. Peyton's four-step teaching method also stimulated students′ learning interest and improved their teaching skill. However, one-to-one teaching is inefficient and few mutual discussion and inspiration among group members. The modified Peyton's four-step method with group teaching will be optimized and applied in future research and application.