Dysarthria in Parkinson's disease

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2024.03.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurological degenerative disease in clinical practice. Dysarthria is a common motor symptom, with a high incidence and diverse clinical manifestations. PD patients often ignore their dysarthria symptoms until they reach the decompensation stage, and only a small number of patients receive treatment. This article reviews the pathogenesis, evaluation and treatment of dysarthria in PD, providing theoretical basis for early diagnosis and timely treatment of dysarthria in PD.

Key words: Parkinson disease, Articulation disorders, Review

摘要：

构音障碍是帕金森病的常见运动症状，发病率较高，临床表现多样。帕金森病患者常忽视自身构音障碍，直至进展为失代偿阶段，仅少数患者接受相应治疗。本文综述帕金森病构音障碍发病机制、评估及治疗方法，以为帕金森病构音障碍的早期诊断和及时治疗提供理论依据。

关键词: 帕金森病, 构音障碍, 综述

Shi-yi YE, Ke-zhong ZHANG. Dysarthria in Parkinson's disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(3): 139-145.

叶诗怡, 张克忠. 帕金森病构音障碍[J]. 中国现代神经疾病杂志, 2024, 24(3): 139-145.

/ / Recommend / Download Citations

URL: http://journal11.magtechjournal.com/cjcnn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2024.03.005

http://journal11.magtechjournal.com/cjcnn/EN/Y2024/V24/I3/139

References 98

1	Balestrino R , Schapira AHV . Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol, 2020, 27: 27- 42. doi: 10.1111/ene.14108
2	Port RJ , Rumsby M , Brown G , Harrison IF , Amjad A , Bale CJ . People with Parkinson's disease: what symptoms do they most want to improve and how does this change with disease duration?. J Parkinsons Dis, 2021, 11: 715- 724. doi: 10.3233/JPD-202346
3	Logemann JA , Fisher HB , Boshes B , Blonsky ER . Frequency and cooccurrence of vocal tract dysfunctions in the speech of a large sample of Parkinson patients. J Speech Hear Disord, 1978, 43: 47- 57. doi: 10.1044/jshd.4301.47
4	Darley FL , Aronson AE , Brown JR . Clusters of deviant speech dimensions in the dysarthrias. J Speech Hear Res, 1969, 12: 462- 496. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1203.462
5	Dashtipour K , Tafreshi A , Lee J , Crawley B . Speech disorders in Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology, medical management and surgical approaches. Neurodegener Dis Manag, 2018, 8: 337- 348. doi: 10.2217/nmt-2018-0021
6	Skrabal D , Rusz J , Novotny M , Sonka K , Ruzicka E , Dusek P , Tykalova T . Articulatory undershoot of vowels in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder and early Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis, 2022, 8: 137. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00407-7
7	Rusz J , Hlavnička J , Novotný M , Tykalová T , Pelletier A , Montplaisir J , Gagnon JF , Dušek P , Galbiati A , Marelli S , Timm PC , Teigen LN , Janzen A , Habibi M , Stefani A , Holzknecht E , Seppi K , Evangelista E , Rassu AL , Dauvilliers Y , Högl B , Oertel W , St Louis EK , Ferini-Strambi L , Růžička E , Postuma RB , Šonka K . Speech biomarkers in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol, 2021, 90: 62- 75. doi: 10.1002/ana.26085
8	Silbergleit AK , Schultz L , Hamilton K , LeWitt PA , Sidiropoulos C . Self-perception of voice and swallowing handicap in Parkinson's disease. J Parkinsons Dis, 2021, 11: 2027- 2034. doi: 10.3233/JPD-212621
9	Hamada T , Higashiyama Y , Saito A , Morihara K , Landin-Romero R , Okamoto M , Kimura K , Miyaji Y , Joki H , Kishida H , Doi H , Ueda N , Takeuchi H , Tanaka F . Qualitative deficits in verbal fluency in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment: a clinical and neuroimaging study. J Parkinsons Dis, 2021, 11: 2005- 2016. doi: 10.3233/JPD-202473
10	Rusz J , Krupička R , Vítečková S , Tykalová T , Novotný M , Novák J , Dušek P , Růžička E . Speech and gait abnormalities in motor subtypes of de-novo Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2023, 29: 2101- 2110. doi: 10.1111/cns.14158
11	Tanaka Y , Tsuboi T , Watanabe H , Torii J , Nakatsubo D , Maesawa S , Sato M , Hiraga K , Satake Y , Yokoi K , Hattori M , Kawabata K , Hara K , Yamamoto M , Sobue G , Katsuno M . Instability of speech in Parkinson disease patients with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2021, 93: 8- 11. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.10.029
12	Rusz J , Bonnet C , Klempíř J , Tykalová T , Baborová E , Novotný M , Rulseh A , Růžička E . Speech disorders reflect differing pathophysiology in Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. J Neurol, 2015, 262: 992- 1001. doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7671-1
13	Prenger MTM , Madray R , Van Hedger K , Anello M , MacDonald PA . Social symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsons Dis, 2020, 8846544.
14	Read J , Miller N , Kitsou N . Is there an order of loss of sounds in speakers with Parkinson's disease?. Clin Linguist Phon, 2018, 32: 997- 1011. doi: 10.1080/02699206.2018.1504989
15	Rusz J , Tykalová T , Novotný M , Zogala D , Růžička E , Dušek P . Automated speech analysis in early untreated Parkinson's disease: relation to gender and dopaminergic transporter imaging. Eur J Neurol, 2022, 29: 81- 90. doi: 10.1111/ene.15099
16	Fabbri M , Guimarães I , Cardoso R , Coelho M , Guedes LC , Rosa MM , Godinho C , Abreu D , Gonçalves N , Antonini A , Ferreira JJ . Speech and voice response to a levodopa challenge in late-stage Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol, 2017, 8: 432. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00432
17	Im H , Adams S , Abeyesekera A , Pieterman M , Gilmore G , Jog M . Effect of levodopa on speech dysfluency in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract, 2018, 6: 150- 154.
18	Tykalová T , Rusz J , Čmejla R , Klempíř J , Růžičková H , Roth J , Růžička E . Effect of dopaminergic medication on speech dysfluency in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal study. J Neural Transm (Vienna), 2015, 122: 1135- 1142. doi: 10.1007/s00702-015-1363-y
19	Cavallieri F , Budriesi C , Gessani A , Contardi S , Fioravanti V , Menozzi E , Pinto S , Moro E , Valzania F , Antonelli F . Dopaminergic treatment effects on dysarthric speech: acoustic analysis in a cohort of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol, 2021, 11: 616062. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.616062
20	Ho AK , Bradshaw JL , Iansek R . For better or worse: the effect of levodopa on speech in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord, 2008, 23: 574- 580. doi: 10.1002/mds.21899
21	Bonnet AM , Loria Y , Saint-Hilaire MH , Lhermitte F , Agid Y . Does long-term aggravation of Parkinson's disease result from nondopaminergic lesions?. Neurology, 1987, 37: 1539- 1542. doi: 10.1212/WNL.37.9.1539
22	Skodda S , Flasskamp A , Schlegel U . Instability of syllable repetition as a marker of disease progression in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal study. Mov Disord, 2011, 26: 59- 64. doi: 10.1002/mds.23382
23	Dressel AJ , van der Mijn JC , Aalders IJ , Rinkel RN , van der Vliet HJ . Irinotecan-induced dysarthria. Case Rep Oncol, 2012, 5: 47- 51. doi: 10.1159/000336156
24	De Keyser K , Santens P , Bockstael A , Botteldooren D , Talsma D , De Vos S , Van Cauwenberghe M , Verheugen F , Corthals P , De Letter M . The relationship between speech production and speech perception deficits in Parkinson's disease. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 2016, 59: 915- 931. doi: 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-15-0197
25	Huang X , Fan H , Li J , Jones JA , Wang EQ , Chen L , Chen X , Liu H . External cueing facilitates auditory-motor integration for speech control in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging, 2019, 76: 96- 105. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.12.020
26	Railo H , Nokelainen N , Savolainen S , Kaasinen V . Deficits in monitoring self-produced speech in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurophysiol, 2020, 131: 2140- 2147. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.05.038
27	Liu H , Wang EQ , Metman LV , Larson CR . Vocal responses to perturbations in voice auditory feedback in individuals with Parkinson's disease. PLoS One, 2012, 7: e33629. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033629
28	Huang X , Chen X , Yan N , Jones JA , Wang EQ , Chen L , Guo Z , Li W , Liu P , Liu H . The impact of Parkinson's disease on the cortical mechanisms that support auditory-motor integration for voice control. Hum Brain Mapp, 2016, 37: 4248- 4261. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23306
29	Eickhoff SB , Heim S , Zilles K , Amunts K . A systems perspective on the effective connectivity of overt speech production. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci, 2009, 367: 2399- 2421.
30	Brown S , Laird AR , Pfordresher PQ , Thelen SM , Turkeltaub P , Liotti M . The somatotopy of speech: phonation and articulation in the human motor cortex. Brain Cogn, 2009, 70: 31- 41. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.12.006
31	Pinto S , Thobois S , Costes N , Le Bars D , Benabid AL , Broussolle E , Pollak P , Gentil M . Subthalamic nucleus stimulation and dysarthria in Parkinson's disease: a PET study. Brain, 2004, 127 (Pt 3): 602- 615.
32	Liotti M , Ramig LO , Vogel D , New P , Cook CI , Ingham RJ , Ingham JC , Fox PT . Hypophonia in Parkinson's disease: neural correlates of voice treatment revealed by PET. Neurology, 2003, 60: 432- 440. doi: 10.1212/WNL.60.3.432
33	Tankus A , Lustig Y , Fried I , Strauss I . Impaired timing of speech-related neurons in the subthalamic nucleus of Parkinson disease patients suffering speech disorders. Neurosurgery, 2021, 89: 800- 809. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyab293
34	Tankus A , Fried I . Degradation of neuronal encoding of speech in the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease. Neurosurgery, 2019, 84: 378- 387. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyy027
35	Arnold C , Gehrig J , Gispert S , Seifried C , Kell CA . Pathomechanisms and compensatory efforts related to Parkinsonian speech. Neuroimage Clin, 2013, 4: 82- 97.
36	Chen Y , Zhu G , Liu D , Liu Y , Yuan T , Zhang X , Jiang Y , Du T , Zhang J . Brain morphological changes in hypokinetic dysarthria of Parkinson's disease and use of machine learning to predict severity. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2020, 26: 711- 719. doi: 10.1111/cns.13304
37	Jacobson BH , Johnson A , Grywalski C , Silbergleit A , Jacobson G , Benninger MS , Newman CW . The Voice Handicap Index (VHI): development and validation. Am J Speech Lang Pathol, 1997, 6: 66- 70.
38	Lam PK , Chan KM , Ho WK , Kwong E , Yiu EM , Wei WI . Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese Voice Handicap Index-10. Laryngoscope, 2006, 116: 1192- 1198. doi: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000224539.41003.93
39	Nissen LS , Schultz J , Galili J , Printz T , Mehlum CS , Grøntved ÅM , Sorensen JR . Crosscultural adaption and validation of the Danish Voice Handicap Index-10. J Voice, 2021, 35: 661. e7- 661. e11.
40	van Hooren MR , Baijens LW , Vos R , Pilz W , Kuijpers LM , Kremer B , Michou E . Voice-and swallow -related quality of life in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Laryngoscope, 2016, 126: 408- 414. doi: 10.1002/lary.25481
41	Enderby P . Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment. Int J Lang Commun Disord, 2011, 15: 165- 173.
42	Ghio A , Giusti L , Blanc E , Pinto S . French adaptation of the "Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment 2" speech intelligibility test. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis, 2020, 137: 111- 116. doi: 10.1016/j.anorl.2019.10.007
43	Hijikata N , Kawakami M , Wada A , Ikezawa M , Kaji K , Chiba Y , Ito M , Fujino E , Otsuka T , Liu M . Assessment of dysarthria with Frenchay dysarthria assessment (FDA-2) in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Disabil Rehabil, 2022, 44: 1443- 1450. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1800108
44	Yang S , Wang F , Yang L , Xu F , Luo M , Chen X , Feng X , Zou X . The physical significance of acoustic parameters and its clinical significance of dysarthria in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep, 2020, 10: 11776. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68754-0
45	Pawlukowska W , Szylińska A , Kotlęga D , Rotter I , Nowacki P . Differences between subjective and objective assessment of speech deficiency in Parkinson disease. J Voice, 2018, 32: 715- 722. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.08.018
46	Okada Y , Murata M , Toda T . Effects of levodopa on vowel articulation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Kobe J Med Sci, 2015, 61: E144- E154.
47	LeWitt PA , Fahn S . Levodopa therapy for Parkinson disease: a look backward and forward. Neurology, 2016, 86 (14 Suppl 1): S3- S12.
48	Murakami H , Momma Y , Nohara T , Mori Y , Futamura A , Sugita T , Ishigaki S , Katoh H , Kezuka M , Ono K , Miller MW , Kawamura M . Improvement in language function correlates with gait improvement in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease patients taking dopaminergic medication. J Parkinsons Dis, 2016, 6: 209- 217. doi: 10.3233/JPD-150702
49	Rusz J , Tykalova T , Novotny M , Zogala D , Sonka K , Ruzicka E , Dusek P . Defining speech subtypes in de novo Parkinson disease: response to long-term levodopa therapy. Neurology, 2021, 97: e2124- e2135.
50	Tykalova T , Novotny M , Ruzicka E , Dusek P , Rusz J . Short-term effect of dopaminergic medication on speech in early-stage Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis, 2022, 8: 22. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00286-y
51	Schulz GM , Peterson T , Sapienza CM , Greer M , Friedman W . Voice and speech characteristics of persons with Parkinson's disease pre-and post-pallidotomy surgery: preliminary findings. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 1999, 42: 1176- 1194. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4205.1176
52	Pinto S , Ozsancak C , Tripoliti E , Thobois S , Limousin-Dowsey P , Auzou P . Treatments for dysarthria in Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol, 2004, 3: 547- 556. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00854-3
53	Castrioto A , Lozano AM , Poon YY , Lang AE , Fallis M , Moro E . Ten-year outcome of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson disease: a blinded evaluation. Arch Neurol, 2011, 68: 1550- 1556. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.182
54	Behroozmand R , Johari K , Kelley RM , Kapnoula EC , Narayanan NS , Greenlee JDW . Effect of deep brain stimulation on vocal motor control mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2019, 63: 46- 53. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.03.002
55	Dromey C , Kumar R , Lang AE , Lozano AM . An investigation of the effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on acoustic measures of voice. Mov Disord, 2000, 15: 1132- 1138. doi: 10.1002/1531-8257(200011)15:6<1132::AID-MDS1011>3.0.CO;2-O
56	Ehlen F , Al-Fatly B , Kühn AA , Klostermann F . Impact of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on natural language in patients with Parkinson's disease. PLoS One, 2020, 15: e0244148. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244148
57	Jorge A , Dastolfo-Hromack C , Lipski WJ , Kratter IH , Smith LJ , Gartner-Schmidt JL , Richardson RM . Anterior sensorimotor subthalamic nucleus stimulation is associated with improved voice function. Neurosurgery, 2020, 87: 788- 795. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa024
58	Fasano A , Daniele A , Albanese A . Treatment of motor and non-motor features of Parkinson's disease with deep brain stimulation. Lancet Neurol, 2012, 11: 429- 442. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70049-2
59	Tanaka Y , Tsuboi T , Watanabe H , Nakatsubo D , Maesawa S , Kato S , Kajita Y , Sato M , Oodake R , Hattori M , Yamamoto M , Wakabayashi T , Katsuno M , Sobue G . Longitudinal speech change after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease patients: a 2-year prospective study. J Parkinsons Dis, 2020, 10: 131- 140. doi: 10.3233/JPD-191798
60	Limousin P , Foltynie T . Long-term outcomes of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol, 2019, 15: 234- 242. doi: 10.1038/s41582-019-0145-9
61	Tanaka Y , Tsuboi T , Watanabe H , Kajita Y , Fujimoto Y , Ohdake R , Yoneyama N , Masuda M , Hara K , Senda J , Ito M , Atsuta N , Horiguchi S , Yamamoto M , Wakabayashi T , Sobue G . Voice features of Parkinson's disease patients with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. J Neurol, 2015, 262: 1173- 1181. doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7681-z
62	Sidtis JJ , Alken AG , Tagliati M , Alterman R , Van Lancker Sidtis D . Subthalamic stimulation reduces vowel space at the initiation of sustained production: implications for articulatory motor control in Parkinson's disease. J Parkinsons Dis, 2016, 6: 361- 370. doi: 10.3233/JPD-150739
63	Putzke JD , Wharen RE Jr , Wszolek ZK , Turk MF , Strongosky AJ , Uitti RJ . Thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor-predominant Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2003, 10: 81- 88. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2003.09.002
64	Lizárraga KJ , Gnanamanogaran B , Al-Ozzi TM , Cohn M , Tomlinson G , Boutet A , Elias GJB , Germann J , Soh D , Kalia SK , Hodaie M , Munhoz RP , Marras C , Hutchison WD , Lozano AM , Lang AE , Fasano A . Lateralized subthalamic stimulation for axial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a randomized trial. Mov Disord, 2022, 37: 1079- 1087. doi: 10.1002/mds.28953
65	Marshall DF , Strutt AM , Williams AE , Simpson RK , Jankovic J , York MK . Alternating verbal fluency performance following bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol, 2012, 19: 1525- 1531. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03759.x
66	Mahlknecht P , Akram H , Georgiev D , Tripoliti E , Candelario J , Zacharia A , Zrinzo L , Hyam J , Hariz M , Foltynie T , Rothwell JC , Limousin P . Pyramidal tract activation due to subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord, 2017, 32: 1174- 1182. doi: 10.1002/mds.27042
67	Piña-Fuentes D , van Dijk JMC , van Zijl JC , Moes HR , van Laar T , Oterdoom DLM , Little S , Brown P , Beudel M . Acute effects of adaptive deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Brain Stimul, 2020, 13: 1507- 1516. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.07.016
68	Little S , Tripoliti E , Beudel M , Pogosyan A , Cagnan H , Herz D , Bestmann S , Aziz T , Cheeran B , Zrinzo L , Hariz M , Hyam J , Limousin P , Foltynie T , Brown P . Adaptive deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease demonstrates reduced speech side effects compared to conventional stimulation in the acute setting. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2016, 87: 1388- 1389. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-313518
69	Vijiaratnam N , Girges C , Wirth T , Grover T , Preda F , Tripoliti E , Foley J , Scelzo E , Macerollo A , Akram H , Hyam J , Zrinzo L , Limousin P , Foltynie T . Long-term success of low-frequency subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson's disease depends on tremor severity and symptom duration. Brain Commun, 2021, 3: fcab165. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab165
70	Zibetti M , Moro E , Krishna V , Sammartino F , Picillo M , Munhoz RP , Lozano AM , Fasano A . Low -frequency subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease: long-term outcome and predictors. Brain Stimul, 2016, 9: 774- 779. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.04.017
71	Grover T , Georgiev D , Kalliola R , Mahlknecht P , Zacharia A , Candelario J , Hyam J , Zrinzo L , Hariz M , Foltynie T , Limousin P , Jahanshahi M , Tripoliti E . Effect of low versus high frequency subthalamic deep brain stimulation on speech intelligibility and verbal fluency in Parkinson's disease: a double-blind study. J Parkinsons Dis, 2019, 9: 141- 151. doi: 10.3233/JPD-181368
72	Fabbri M , Zibetti M , Ferrero G , Accornero A , Guimaraes I , Rizzone MG , Romagnolo A , Ferreira JJ , Lopiano L . Is lowering stimulation frequency a feasible option for subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease patients with dysarthria?. Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2019, 64: 242- 248. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.04.018
73	Sidiropoulos C , Walsh R , Meaney C , Poon YY , Fallis M , Moro E . Low-frequency subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for axial symptoms in advanced Parkinson's disease. J Neurol, 2013, 260: 2306- 2311. doi: 10.1007/s00415-013-6983-2
74	Le Goff F , Derrey S , Lefaucheur R , Borden A , Fetter D , Jan M , Wallon D , Maltête D . Decline in verbal fluency after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a microlesion effect of the electrode trajectory. J Parkinsons Dis, 2015, 5: 95- 104. doi: 10.3233/JPD-140443
75	Tsuboi T , Watanabe H , Tanaka Y , Ohdake R , Yoneyama N , Hara K , Nakamura R , Watanabe H , Senda J , Atsuta N , Ito M , Hirayama M , Yamamoto M , Fujimoto Y , Kajita Y , Wakabayashi T , Sobue G . Distinct phenotypes of speech and voice disorders in Parkinson's disease after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2015, 86: 856- 864. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-308043
76	Tanaka Y , Tsuboi T , Watanabe H , Kajita Y , Nakatsubo D , Fujimoto Y , Ohdake R , Ito M , Atsuta N , Yamamoto M , Wakabayashi T , Katsuno M , Sobue G . Articulation features of Parkinson's disease patients with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. J Parkinsons Dis, 2016, 6: 811- 819. doi: 10.3233/JPD-160838
77	Bobin M , Sulzer N , Bründler G , Staib M , Imbach LL , Stieglitz LH , Krauss P , Bichsel O , Baumann CR , Frühholz S . Direct subthalamic nucleus stimulation influences speech and voice quality in Parkinson's disease patients. Brain Stimul, 2024, 17: 112- 124. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.01.006
78	Moro E , Lozano AM , Pollak P , Agid Y , Rehncrona S , Volkmann J , Kulisevsky J , Obeso JA , Albanese A , Hariz MI , Quinn NP , Speelman JD , Benabid AL , Fraix V , Mendes A , Welter ML , Houeto JL , Cornu P , Dormont D , Tornqvist AL , Ekberg R , Schnitzler A , Timmermann L , Wojtecki L , Gironell A , Rodriguez-Oroz MC , Guridi J , Bentivoglio AR , Contarino MF , Romito L , Scerrati M , Janssens M , Lang AE . Long-term results of a multicenter study on subthalamic and pallidal stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord, 2010, 25: 578- 586. doi: 10.1002/mds.22735
79	Dietz J , Noecker AM , McIntyre CC , Mikos A , Bowers D , Foote KD , Okun MS . Stimulation region within the globus pallidus does not affect verbal fluency performance. Brain Stimul, 2013, 6: 248- 253. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.05.011
80	Chiu SY , Tsuboi T , Hegland KW , Herndon NE , Shukla AW , Patterson A , Almeida L , Foote KD , Okun MS , Ramirez-Zamora A . Dysarthria and speech intelligibility following Parkinson's disease globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation. J Parkinsons Dis, 2020, 10: 1493- 1502. doi: 10.3233/JPD-202246
81	Mu L , Sobotka S , Chen J , Su H , Sanders I , Adler CH , Shill HA , Caviness JN , Samanta JE , Beach TG , Arizona Parkinson's Disease Consortium . Altered pharyngeal muscles in Parkinson disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 2012, 71: 520- 530. doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e318258381b
82	Berke GS , Gerratt B , Kreiman J , Jackson K . Treatment of Parkinson hypophonia with percutaneous collagen augmentation. Laryngoscope, 1999, 109: 1295- 1299. doi: 10.1097/00005537-199908000-00020
83	Krishna V , Fishman PS , Eisenberg HM , Kaplitt M , Baltuch G , Chang JW , Chang WC , Martinez Fernandez R , Del Alamo M , Halpern CH , Ghanouni P , Eleopra R , Cosgrove R , Guridi J , Gwinn R , Khemani P , Lozano AM , McDannold N , Fasano A , Constantinescu M , Schlesinger I , Dalvi A , Elias WJ . Trial of globus pallidus focused ultrasound ablation in Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med, 2023, 388: 683- 693. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2202721
84	Chua MMJ , Blitz SE , Ng PR , Segar DJ , McDannold NJ , White PJ , Christie S , Hayes MT , Rolston JD , Cosgrove GR . Focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor in Parkinson's disease: outcomes in a large, prospective cohort. Mov Disord, 2023, 38: 1962- 1967. doi: 10.1002/mds.29569
85	Segar DJ , Lak AM , Lee S , Harary M , Chavakula V , Lauro P , McDannold N , White J , Cosgrove GR . Lesion location and lesion creation affect outcomes after focused ultrasound thalamotomy. Brain, 2021, 144: 3089- 3100. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab176
86	Brabenec L , Klobusiakova P , Simko P , Kostalova M , Mekyska J , Rektorova I . Non-invasive brain stimulation for speech in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Stimul, 2021, 14: 571- 578. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.03.010
87	Schulz G , Halpern A , Spielman J , Ramig L , Panzer I , Sharpley A , Freeman K . Single word intelligibility of individuals with Parkinson's disease in noise: pre-specified secondary outcome variables from a randomized control trial (RCT) comparing two intensive speech treatments (LSVT LOUD vs. LSVT ARTIC). Brain Sci, 2021, 11: 857. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11070857
88	Brabenec L , Simko P , Sejnoha Minsterova A , Kostalova M , Rektorova I . Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hypokinetic dysarthria in Parkinson's disease enhances white matter integrity of the auditory-motor loop. Eur J Neurol, 2023, 30: 881- 886. doi: 10.1111/ene.15665
89	Dai G , Wang M , Li Y , Guo Z , Jones JA , Li T , Chang Y , Wang EQ , Chen L , Liu P , Chen X , Liu H . Continuous theta burst stimulation over left supplementary motor area facilitates auditory-vocal integration in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci, 2022, 14: 948696. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.948696
90	Moustafa AA , Chakravarthy S , Phillips JR , Gupta A , Keri S , Polner B , Frank MJ , Jahanshahi M . Motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a unified framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2016, 68: 727- 740. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.010
91	Ramig L , Halpern A , Spielman J , Fox C , Freeman K . Speech treatment in Parkinson's disease: randomized controlled trial (RCT). Mov Disord, 2018, 33: 1777- 1791. doi: 10.1002/mds.27460
92	Baumann A , Nebel A , Granert O , Giehl K , Wolff S , Schmidt W , Baasch C , Schmidt G , Witt K , Deuschl G , Hartwigsen G , Zeuner KE , van Eimeren T . Neural correlates of hypokinetic dysarthria and mechanisms of effective voice treatment in Parkinson disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 2018, 32: 1055- 1066. doi: 10.1177/1545968318812726
93	Yuan F , Guo X , Wei X , Xie F , Zheng J , Huang Y , Huang Z , Chang Z , Li H , Guo Y , Chen J , Guo J , Tang B , Deng B , Wang Q . Lee Silverman voice treatment for dysarthria in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol, 2020, 27: 1957- 1970. doi: 10.1111/ene.14399
94	Levy ES , Moya-Galé G , Chang YHM , Freeman K , Forrest K , Brin MF , Ramig LA . The effects of intensive speech treatment on intelligibility in Parkinson's disease: a randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine, 2020, 24: 100429. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100429
95	Narayana S , Franklin C , Peterson E , Hunter EJ , Robin DA , Halpern A , Spielman J , Fox PT , Ramig LO . Immediate and long-term effects of speech treatment targets and intensive dosage on Parkinson's disease dysphonia and the speech motor network: randomized controlled trial. Hum Brain Mapp, 2022, 43: 2328- 2347. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25790
96	Li Y , Tan M , Fan H , Wang EQ , Chen L , Li J , Chen X , Liu H . Neurobehavioral effects of LSVT^® LOUD on auditory-vocal integration in Parkinson's disease: a preliminary study. Front Neurosci, 2021, 15: 624801. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.624801
97	Theodoros D . Telerehabilitation for communication and swallowing disorders in Parkinson's disease. J Parkinsons Dis, 2021, 11 (s1): S65- S70. doi: 10.3233/JPD-202414
98	Hireš M , Gazda M , Drotár P , Pah ND , Motin MA , Kumar DK . Convolutional neural network ensemble for Parkinson's disease detection from voice recordings. Comput Biol Med, 2022, 141: 105021. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105021

[1]	Han WANG, Yi-chun WANG, Zhe ZHANG. Pay attention to the value of autonomic dysfunction in diagnosing and prognosis prediction of central α-synucleinopathy [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(3): 113-119.
[2]	Gang WANG, Bin-yin LI, Ru-jing REN, Jin-wen XIAO, Sheng-di CHEN, Xiao-chun CHEN. Recommendations for the clinical use of anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody for Alzheimer's disease (2024) [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(3): 120-126.
[3]	Yu-han JIANG, Meng-xi ZHOU, Wei CHEN. Application of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(3): 127-130.
[4]	Ying XU, Ya-xing GUI. The influence of dysregulated lipid metabolism on the progression of Parkinson's disease and its clinical implications [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(3): 131-138.
[5]	BI Yi-qing, WU Feng-juan, ZHU Yu-gang, LIU Yi-ming. Pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease with camptocormia [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(3): 146-150.
[6]	ZHAO Qing, BU Shi-ying, JIN Ling-jing. Research progress on robot-assisted gait training to improve gait disorder in Parkinson's disease [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(3): 151-157.
[7]	LIU Zai-chao, JIAO Yue, LI Juan, CHEN Xian-wen. The role of surface electromyography in the assessment of myotonia in Parkinson's disease [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(3): 158-163.
[8]	GONG Meng-xi, SUN Ying-ying, XU Chuan-ying, ZHANG Wei, ZU Jie, CUI Gui-yun. Correlation analysis between serum 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde levels and cognitive dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(3): 164-170.
[9]	JI Li, YANG Ning, LIU Wei-guo, NIU Cheng-lin. Relationship between autonomic nervous function and cognitive function in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(3): 171-176.
[10]	LIU Chen, GAN Jing, ZHANG Yu, LIU Zhen-guo. Early-onset Parkinson's disease caused by LRRK2 R1067Q and GBA R202Q variation: one case report [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(3): 177-181.
[11]	Shu-juan LI, Ya-jun MA. Establish the concept of "synchronous treatment for brain and heart" to help the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of brain and heart comorbidity [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(2): 65-67.
[12]	Yu-xin ZHUO, Chen YE, Ling QIN, Shuai JIANG, Bo WU. Brain and heart connection and the potential mechanisms in brain and heart comorbidity [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(2): 68-74.
[13]	Wen-xian SUN, Bo SONG. Diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance in occult cardiac embolism [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(2): 75-78.
[14]	Ying-hua ZHOU, Gui-tao ZHANG, Qi-lin ZHOU, Ya-jun MA, Shu-juan LI. Application of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in cardiovascular surgery [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(2): 79-83.
[15]	Feng-min LU, Dong-yan WU. Anticoagulation initiation after non-valvular atrial fibrillation with acute ischemic stroke [J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2024, 24(2): 84-90.

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export