摘要：

随着医疗卫生条件的进步，传统病原体引起的脑炎和脑膜炎发病率和病死率有所下降，但是由于神经系统感染病原谱的改变、神经系统感染病原体检测手段的提升以及病原体引发神经系统变性疾病新证据的涌现，需重新思考神经系统感染性疾病的临床特征以及防控与诊疗特点。同时新型冠状病毒感染大流行后病原体不直接侵入中枢神经系统的感染后/副感染性神经系统疾病日益增多，因此提出应重视对神经系统感染性疾病和感染后/副感染性神经系统疾病为主题的感染神经病学学科特点和学科建设，通过多学科合作和开展专科培训以提高对神经系统感染性疾病和感染后/副感染性神经系统疾病的防控与诊疗水平。

关键词: 感染神经病学（非MeSH词）, 神经系统疾病, 感染, 综述

Abstract:

With the progress of medical and health conditions, the incidence and mortality of encephalitis and meningitis caused by traditional pathogens have decreased. However, due to the change of pathogen spectrum of neurological infection, the improvement of detection methods of neurological infection pathogens and the emergence of new evidence of pathogens causing neurodegenerative diseases, it is necessary to rethink the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of neurological infectious diseases (NID). At the same time, post-infectious/para-infectious nervous system diseases (PPINDs) that do not directly enter the central nervous system are increasing after the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Therefore, we propose to attach importance to the disciplinary characteristics and discipline construction of Infectious Neurology with NID and PPINDs as the two major themes, and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of NID and PPINDs through multi-disciplinary cooperation and specialized training.

Key words: Infectious Neurology (not in MeSH), Nervous system diseases, Infections, Review