摘要： 近20年来我国中青年人群血压异常（正常血压高值、高血压1 ~ 3级）比例迅速增加，但高血压知晓率、治疗率和血压控制率仍普遍偏低。超重/肥胖、运动不足、不健康饮食、饮酒、吸烟、睡眠不足是造成中青年人群血压异常的主要原因。与此同时，高血压相关心脑血管疾病在中青年人群中呈快速上升趋势，虽然中青年缺血性卒中病例数和比例远高于出血性卒中，但出血性卒中的增长比例呈加速上升趋势。脑小血管病作为高血压脑出血的基础病变，在脑卒中发生发展过程中表现不同，具有重要的风险和预后预测价值，因此，有必要在中青年血压异常人群中进行广泛的脑小血管病检查。

关键词: 高血压, 青年人, 中年人, 卒中, 大脑小血管疾病, 综述

Abstract: In the past 2 decades, there is rapid grow on the proportion of abnormal blood pressure (BP, including high normal BP and hypertension grade 1-3) in young and middle-aged Chinese population. On the contrary, the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension are obviously low. Overweight, inactivity, unhealthy eating habits, alcoholism, smoking and sleep insufficiency are the main causes of abnormal BP in young and middle-aged adults. At the same time, the incidence of hypertension attributable cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, stroke) show a rapid upward trend in the young and middle-aged adults. Although the proportion of ischemic stroke in young and middle - adults is much higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke in absolute numbers, the growth rate of hemorrhagic stroke is accelerating, which composes a major threat to the health of young and middle - adults. As the base of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral small vessel disease has different manifestations in the formation and development stages of stroke, and has significant clinical risk indication and prognosis prediction value. Extensive screening should be advocated in young and middle?aged adults with abnormal BP.

Key words: Hypertension, Young adult, Middle aged, Stroke, Cerebral small vessel diseases, Review