[1] Kwan P, Arzimanoglou A, Berg AT, Brodie MJ, Hauser WA, Mathern G, Moshé SL, Perucca E, Wiebe S, French J.Definition of drug resistant epilepsy:consensus proposal by the ad hoc task force of the ILAE commission on therapeutic strategies[J]. Epilepsia, 2010, 51:1069-1077.
[2] Blumcke I, Spreafico R, Haaker G, Coras R, Kobow K, Bien CG, Pfäfflin M, Elger C, Widman G, Schramm J, Becker A, Braun KP, Leijten F, Baayen JC, Aronica E, Chassoux F, Hamer H, Stefan H, Rössler K, Thom M, Walker MC, Sisodiya SM, Duncan JS, McEvoy AW, Pieper T, Holthausen H, Kudernatsch M, Meencke HJ, Kahane P, Schulze-Bonhage A, Zentner J, Heiland DH, Urbach H, Steinhoff BJ, Bast T, Tassi L, Lo Russo G, Özkara C, Oz B, Krsek P, Vogelgesang S, Runge U, Lerche H, Weber Y, Honavar M, Pimentel J, Arzimanoglou A, Ulate-Campos A, Noachtar S, Hartl E, Schijns O, Guerrini R, Barba C, Jacques TS, Cross JH, Feucht M, Mühlebner A, Grunwald T, Trinka E, Winkler PA, Gil-Nagel A, Delgado RT, Mayer T, Lutz M, Zountsas B, Garganis K, Rosenow F, Hermsen A, von Oertzen TJ, Diepgen TL, Avanzini G; EEBB Consortium. Histopathological findings in brain tissue obtained during epilepsy surgery[J]. N Engl J Med, 2017, 377:1648-1656.
[3] Blümcke I, Mühlebner A. Neuropathological work-up of focal cortical dysplasias using the new ILAE consensus classification system-practical guideline article invited by the Euro-CNS Research Committee[J]. Clin Neuropathol, 2011, 30:164-177.
[4] Krsek P, Maton B, Korman B, Pacheco-Jacome E, Jayakar P, Dunoyer C, Rey G, Morrison G, Ragheb J, Vinters HV, Resnick T, Duchowny M. Different features of histopathological subtypes of pediatric focal cortical different features of histopathological subtypes of pediatric focal cortical dysplasia[J]. Ann Neurol, 2008, 63:758-769.
[5] Rossini L, Villani F, Granata T, Tassi L, Tringali G, Cardinale F, Aronica E, Spreafico R, Garbelli R. FCD type Ⅱ and mTOR pathway:evidence for different mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of dysmorphic neurons[J]. Epilepsy Res, 2017, 129:146-156.
[6] Blümcke I, Giencke K, Wardelmann E, Beyenburg S, Kral T, Sarioglu N, Pietsch T, Wolf HK, Schramm J, Elger CE, Wiestler OD. The CD34 epitope is expressed in neoplastic and malformative lesions associated with chronic, focal epilepsies[J]. Acta Neuropathol, 1999, 97:481-490.
[7] Chappé C, Padovani L, Scavarda D, Forest F, Nanni-Metellus I, Loundou A, Mercurio S, Fina F, Lena G, Colin C, Figarella -Branger D. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors share with pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas and gangliogliomas BRAF (V600E) mutation and expression[J]. Brain Pathol, 2013, 23:574-583.
[8] Lin G, Finger E, Gutierrez-Ramos JC. Expression of CD34 in endothelial cells, hematopoietic progenitors and nervous cells in fetal and adult mouse tissues[J]. Eur J Immunol, 1995, 25:1508-1516.
[9] Knerlich-Lukoschus F, Connolly MB, Hendson G, Steinbok P, Dunham C. Clinical, imaging, and immunohistochemical characteristics of focal cortical dysplasia type Ⅱ extratemporal epilepsies in children:analyses of an institutional case series[J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2017, 19:182-195.
[10] Marucci G, Martinoni M, Giulioni M. Relationship between focal cortical dysplasia and epilepsy-associated low-grade tumors:an immunohistochemical study[J]. APMIS, 2013, 121:22-29.
[11] Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Takei N, Tohyama J, Kato M, Kitaura H, Shiina M, Shirozu H, Masuda H, Watanabe K, Ohba C, Tsurusaki Y, Miyake N, Zheng Y, Sato T, Takebayashi H, Ogata K, Kameyama S, Kakita A, Matsumoto N. Somatic mutations in the MTOR gene cause focal cortical dysplasia typeⅡb[J]. Ann Neurol, 2015, 78:375-386.
[12] Lee JH, Huynh M, Silhavy JL, Kim S, Dixon-Salazar L, Heiberg A, Scott E, Bafna V, Hill KJ, Collazo A, Funari V, Russ C, Gabriel SB, Mathern GW, Gleeson JG. De novo somatic mutations in components of the PI3K-AKT3-mTOR pathway cause hemimegalencephaly[J]. Nat Genet, 2012, 44:941-945.
[13] Northrup H, Krueger DA; International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Group. Tuberous sclerosis complex diagnostic criteria update:recommendations of the 2012 Iinternational Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference[J]. Pediatr Neurol, 2013, 49:243-254.
[14] Lim JS, Gopalappa R, Kim SH, Ramakrishna S, Lee M, Kim WI, Kim J, Park SM, Lee J, Oh JH, Kim HD, Park CH, Lee JS, Kim S, Kim DS, Han JM, Kang HC, Kim HH, Lee JH. Somatic mutations in TSC1 and TSC2 cause focal cortical dysplasia[J].Am J Hum Genet, 2017, 100:454-472.
[15] Sarnat HB. The 2016 bernard sachs lecture:timing in morphogenesis and genetic gradients during normal development and in malformations of the nervous system[J].Pediatr Neurol, 2018, 83:3-13.