[1] Cheng P, Yin P, Ning P, Wang L, Cheng X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Schwebel DS, Liu J, Qi J, Hu J, Zhou M. Trends in traumatic brain injury mortality in China, 2006-2013:a population-based longitudinal study[J]. PLoS Med, 2017, 14:e1002332.
[2] Maas AI, Stocchetti N, Bullock R. Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2008, 7:728-741.
[3] Raghupathi R. Cell death mechanisms following traumatic brain injury[J]. Brain Pathol, 2004, 14:215-22.
[4] Hsiao-Ming W, Sung-Cheng H, Paul V, Hovda DA, Marvin B. Redefining the pericontusional penumbra following traumatic brain injury:evidence of deteriorating metabolic derangements based on positron emission tomography[J]. J Neurotrauma, 2013, 30:352-360.
[5] Jiang XQ. Comparison of CT and MRI in imaging diagnosis of acute traumatic brain injury[J]. Ying Xiang Yan Jiu Yu Yi Xue Ying Yong, 2019, 3:83-84.[江小青. 影像诊断急性颅脑损伤中的CT、MRI诊断价值比较分析[J]. 影像研究与医学应用, 2019, 3:83-84.]
[6] Joseph CS, Patel R, Neel VA, Giles RH, Yaroslavsky AN. Imaging of ex vivo nonmelanoma skin cancers in the optical and terahertz spectral regions optical and terahertz skin cancers imaging[J]. J Biophotonics, 2014, 7:295-303.
[7] Ji YB, Oh SJ, Kang SG, Heo J, Kim SH, Choi Y, Song S, Son HY, Kim SH, Lee JH, Haam SJ, Huh YM, Chang JH, Joo C, Suh JS. Terahertz reflectometry imaging for low and high grade gliomas[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6:36040.
[8] Wang YY, Chen LY, Xu DG, Chen TN, Feng H, Yao JQ. Three-dimensional reconstruction of rat brain trauma based on terahertz imaging[J]. Guang Xue Xue Bao, 2019, 39:314-319.[王与烨, 陈霖宇, 徐德刚, 陈图南, 冯华, 姚建铨. 基于太赫兹波成像的鼠脑创伤三维重构[J]. 光学学报, 2019, 39:314-319.]
[9] Kaur P, Sharma S. Recent advances in pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury[J]. Curr Neuropharmacol, 2018, 16:1224-1238.
[10] Cui YH, Xia YB, Yu ZQ. CT categorization and surgical strategy of hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage[J]. Zhongguo Xian Dai Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2017, 27:139-141.[崔永华, 夏咏本, 虞正权. 高血压性基底节区脑出血的CT分型及手术策略[J]. 中国现代医学杂志, 2017, 27:139-141.]
[11] Wei JQ, Li J, Ma J, Xue TT. CT and MRI diagnosis validity and effect as observed in cerebrovascular diseases[J]. Zhongguo CT He MRI Za Zhi, 2016, 14:18-20.[魏健强, 李健, 马剑, 薛婷婷. CT和MRI在脑血管疾病中的诊断有效性及效果观察[J]. 中国CT和MRI杂志, 2016, 14:18-20.]
[12] He Z, He W, Wu J, Xu Z. The novel design of a single-sided MRI probe for assessing burn depth[J]. Sensors (Basel), 2017, 17:526.
[13] Badri S, Chen J, Barber J, Temkin NR, Dikmen SS, Chesnut RM, Deem S, Yanez ND, Treggiari MM. Mortality and long-term functional outcome associated with intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2012, 38:1800-1809.
[14] Bullock MR, Povlishock JT. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury:editor's commentary[J]. J Neurotrauma, 2007, 24 Suppl 1:2.
[15] Narayan RK, Kishore PR, Becker DP, Ward JD, Enas GG, Greenberg RP, Da Silva AD, Lipper MH, Choi SC, Mayhall CG, Lutz 3rd HA, Young HF. Intracranial pressure:to monitor or not to monitor? A review of our experience with severe head injury[J]. J Neurosurg, 1982, 56:650-659.
[16] Lozier AP, Sciacca RR, Romagnoli MF, Jr Connolly ES. Ventriculostomy-related infections:a critical review of the literature[J]. Neurosurgery, 2008, 62 Suppl 2:688-700.
[17] Martínez-Mañas RM, Santamarta D, de Campos JM, Ferrer E. Camino intracranial pressure monitor:prospective study of accuracy and complications[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2000, 69:82-86.
[18] Sahuquillo J, Poca MA, Arribas M, Garnacho A, Rubio E. Interhemispheric supratentorial intracranial pressure gradients in head-injured patients:are they clinically important[J]? J Neurosurg, 1999, 90:16-26.
[19] Tavakoli S, Peitz G, Ares W, Hafeez S, Grandhi R. Complications of invasive intracranial pressure monitoring devices in neurocritical care[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2017, 43:E6.
[20] Vespa PM, Nuwer MR, Nenov V, Ronne-Engstrom E, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M, Kelly DF, Martin NA, Becker DP. Increased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring[J]. J Neurosurg, 1999, 91:750-760.
[21] Jan C, Paul V, Participants in the International Multi -disciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring:electrophysiologic monitoring in acute brain injury[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2014, 21 Suppl 2:129-147.
[22] Claassen J, Perotte A, Albers D, Kleinberg S, Schmidt JM, Tu B, Badjatia N, Lantigua H, Hirsch LJ, Mayer SA, Connolly ES, Hripcsak G. Nonconvulsive seizures after subarachnoid hemorrhage:multimodal detection and outcomes[J]. Ann Neurol, 2013, 74:53-64.
[23] Stuart RM, Waziri A, Weintraub D, Schmidt MJ, Fernandez L, Helbok R, Kurtz P, Lee K, Badjatia N, Emerson R, Mayer SA, Connolly ES, Hirsch LJ, Claassen J. Intracortical EEG for the detection of vasospasm in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2010, 13:355-358.
[24] Claassen J, Taccone FS, Horn P, Holtkamp M, Stocchetti N, Oddo M; Neurointensive Care Section of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Recommendations on the use of EEG monitoring in critically ill patients:consensus statement from the neurointensive care section of the ESICM[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2013, 39:1337-1351.
[25] Khawaja AM, Wang G, Cutter GR, Szaflarski JP. Continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring and outcomes of critically ill patients[J]. Med Sci Monit, 2017, 23:649-658.
[26] Parthasarathy AB, Gannon KP, Baker WB, Favilla CG, Balu R, Kasner SE, Yodh AG, Detre JA, Mullen MT. Dynamic autoregulation of cerebral blood flow measured non-invasively with fast diffuse correlation spectroscopy[J]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2018, 38:230-240.
[27] Vora YY, Suarez-Almazor M, Steinke DE, Martin ML, Findlay JM. Role of transcranial Doppler monitoring in the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage[J]. Neurosurgery, 1999, 44:1237-1247.
[28] Le Roux P, Menon DK, Citerio G, Vespa P, Bader MK, Brophy G, Diringer MN, Stocchetti N, Videtta W, Armonda R, Badjatia N, Bösel J, Chesnut R, Chou S, Claassen J, Czosnyka M, De Georgia M, Figaji A, Fugate J, Helbok R, Horowitz D, Hutchinson P, Kumar M, McNett M, Miller C, Naidech A, Oddo M, Olson D, O'Phelan K, Provencio JJ, Puppo C, Riker R, Roberson C, Schmidt M, Taccone F. The International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care:a list of recommendations and additional conclusions. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine[J]. Neurocrit Care, 2014, 21 Suppl 2:S282-296.
[29] Gonzalez NR, Boscardin WJ, Glenn T, Vinuela F, Martin NA. Vasospasm probability index:a combination of transcranial doppler velocities, cerebral blood flow, and clinical risk factors to predict cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage[J]. J Neurosurg, 2007, 107:1101-1112.
[30] Nakae R, Yokota H, Yoshida D, Teramoto A. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage:mean blood flow velocity ratio of the ipsilateral and contralateral middle cerebral arteries[J]. Neurosurgery, 2011, 69:876-883.
[31] D'Andrea A, Conte M, Scarafile R, Riegler L, Cocchia R, Pezzullo E, Cavallaro M, Carbone A, Natale F, Russo MG, Gregorio G, Calabrò R. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound:physical principles and principal applications in neurocritical care unit[J]. J Cardiovasc Echogr, 2016, 26:28-41.
[32] Blanco P, Blaivas M. Applications of transcranial color-coded sonography in the emergency department[J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2017, 36:1251-1266.
[33] Hinzman JM, Andaluz N, Shutter LA, Okonkwo DO, Pahl C, Strong AJ, Dreier JP, Hartings JA. Inverse neurovascular coupling to cortical spreading depolarizations in severe brain trauma[J]. Brain, 2014, 137:2960-2972.
[34] Foreman B, Albers D, Schmidt JM, Falo CM, Velasquez A, Connolly ES, Claassen J. Intracortical electrophysiological correlates of blood flow after severe SAH:a multimodality monitoring study[J]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2018, 38:506-517.
[35] Baker WB, Balu R, He L, Kavuri VC, Busch DR, Amendolia O, Quattrone F, Frangos S, Maloney-Wilensky E, Abramson K, Gabrielli EM, Yodh AG, Kofke WA. Continuous non-invasive optical monitoring of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism after facute brain injury[J]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2019, 39:1469-1485.
[36] Kinoshita K. Traumatic brain injury:pathophysiology for neurocritical care[J]. J Intensive Care, 2016, 4:29.
[37] Senapathi TG, Wiryana M, Sinardja K, Nada KW, Sutawan IB, Ryalino C, Alphonso A. Jugular bulb oxygen saturation correlates with Full Outline of Responsiveness score in severe traumatic brain injury patients[J]. Open Access Emerg Med, 2017, 9:69-72.
[38] Moffett JR, Ross B, Arun P, Madhavarao CN, Namboodiri AM. N-acetylaspartate in the CNS:from neurodiagnostics to neurobiology[J]. Prog Neurobiol, 2007, 81:89-131.
[39] Xu S, Zhuo J, Racz J, Shi D, Roys S, Fiskum G, Gullapalli R. Early microstructural and metabolic changes following controlled cortical impact injury in rat:a magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy study[J]. J Neurotrauma, 2011, 28:2091-2102.
[40] Osier ND, Ziari M, Puccio AM, Poloyac S, Okonkwo DO, Minnigh MB, Beers SR, Conley YP. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of N-acetylaspartate correlate with poor outcome in a pilot study of severe brain trauma[J]. Brain Inj, 2019, 33:1364-1371.
[41] Miyamoto Y, Iegaki N, Fu K, Ishikawa Y, Sumi K, Azuma S, Uno K, Muramatsu SI, Nitta A. Striatal N-acetylaspartate synthetase shati/Nat8l regulates depression-like behaviors via mGluR3-mediated serotonergic suppression in mice[J]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 2017, 20:1027-1035.
[42] Nonaka T, Yamada T, Ishimura T, Zuo D, Moffett JR, Neale JH, Yamamoto T. A role for the locus coeruleus in the analgesic efficacy of N-acetylaspartylglutamate peptidase(GCPII) inhibitors ZJ43 and 2-PMPA[J]. Mol Pain, 2017, 13:1744806917697008.
[43] Yarnykh VL, Bowen JD, Samsonov A, Repovic P, Mayadev A, Qian P, Gangadharan B, Keogh BP, Maravilla KR, Henson LK. Fast whole-brain three-dimensional macromolecular proton fraction mapping in multiple sclerosis[J]. Radiology, 2015, 274:210-220.
[44] Stovell MG, Yan JL, Sleigh A, Mada MO, Carpenter TA, Hutchinson PJA, Carpenter KL. Assessing metabolism and injury in acute human traumatic brain injury with magnetic resonance spectroscopy:current and future applications[J]. Front Neurol, 2017, 8:426.
[45] Esterlis I, Hannestad JO, Bois F, Sewell RA, Tyndale RF, Seibyl JP, Picciotto MR, Laruelle M, Carson RE, Cosgrove KP. Imaging changes in synaptic acetylcholine availability in living human subjects[J]. J Nucl Med, 2013, 54:78-82.
[46] Mukherjee J, Lao PJ, Betthauser TJ, Samra GK, Pan ML, Patel IH, Liang C, Metherate R, Christian BT. Human brain imaging of nicotinic acetylcholine α4β2^* receptors using[(18) F]Nifene:selectivity, functional activity, toxicity, aging effects, gender effects, and extrathalamic pathways[J]. J Comp Neurol, 2018, 526:80-95.
[47] Jalloh I, Helmy A, Shannon RJ, Gallagher CN, Menon DK, Carpenter KL, Hutchinson PJ. Lactate uptake by the injured human brain:evidence from an arteriovenous gradient and cerebral microdialysis study[J]. J Neurotrauma, 2013, 30:2031-2037.
[48] Jalloh I, Carpenter KL, Grice P, Howe DJ, Mason A, Gallagher CN, Helmy A, Murphy MP, Menon DK, Carpenter TA, Pickard JD, Hutchinson PJ. Glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway after human traumatic brain injury:microdialysis studies using 1, 2-(13)C2 glucose[J]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2015, 35:111-120.
[49] Das KC. Thioredoxin-deficient mice, a novel phenotype sensitive to ambient air and hypersensitive to hyperoxia-induced lung injury[J]. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2015, 308:L429-442.
[50] Lunsing RJ, Strating K, de Koning TJ, Sijens PE. Diagnostic value of MRS-quantified brain tissue lactate level in identifying children with mitochondrial disorders[J]. Eur Radiol, 2017, 27:976-984.
[51] Hurd RE, Yen YF, Mayer D, Chen A, Wilson D, Kohler S, Bok R, Vigneron D, Kurhanewicz J, Tropp J, Spielman D, Pfefferbaum A. Metabolic imaging in the anesthetized rat brain using hyperpolarized[1-13C] pyruvate and[1-13C] ethyl pyruvate[J]. Magn Reson Med, 2010, 63:1137-1143.
[52] Slemmer JE, Shacka JJ, Sweeney MI, Weber JT. Antioxidants and free radical scavengers for the treatment of stroke, traumatic brain injury and aging[J]. Curr Med Chem, 2008, 15:404-414.
[53] Temma T. In-vivo positron emission tomography (PET) measurement of cerebral oxygen metabolism in small animals[J]. Yakugaku Zasshi, 2008, 128:1267-1273.
[54] Abe K, Tonomura M, Ito M, Takai N, Imamoto N, Rokugawa T, Momosaki S, Fukumoto K, Morimoto K, Inoue O. Imaging of reactive oxygen species in focal ischemic mouse brain using a radical trapping tracer[(3)H] hydromethidine[J]. EJNMMI Res,2015, 5:115.
[55] Huang KJ, Wang H, Ma M, Zhang X, Zhang HS. Real-time imaging of nitric oxide production in living cells with 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyl-2, 6-dicarbethoxy-8-(3', 4'-diaminophenyl) -difluoroboradiaza-s-indacence by invert fluorescence microscope[J]. Nitric Oxide, 2007, 16:36-43.
[56] Hall ED, Vaishnav RA, Mustafa AG. Antioxidant therapies for traumatic brain injury[J]. Neurotherapeutics, 2010, 7:51-61.
[57] Pfefferbaum A, Adalsteinsson E, Rohlfing T, Sullivan EV. MRI estimates of brain iron concentration in normal aging:comparison of field-dependent (FDRI) and phase (SWI) methods[J]. Neuroimage, 2009, 47:493-500.
[58] Nomura S, Inoue T, Imoto H, Suehiro E, Maruta Y, Hirayama Y, Suzuki M. Effects of focal brain cooling on extracellular concentrations of neurotransmitters in patients with epilepsy[J]. Epilepsia, 2017, 58:627-634.
[59] Swiatkiewicz M, Fiedorowicz M, Orze? J, We?niak-Kamińska M, Bogorodzki P, Langfort J, Grieb P. Increases in Brain (1)H-MR glutamine and glutamate signals following acute exhaustive endurance exercise in the rat[J]. Front Physiol, 2017, 8:19.
[60] Xu X, Yadav NN, Knutsson L, Hua J, Kalyani R, Hall E, Laterra J, Blakeley J, Strowd R, Pomper M, Barker P, Chan K, Liu G, McMahon MT, Stevens RD, van Zijl PC. Dynamic glucose -enhanced (DGE) MRI:translation to human scanning and first results in glioma patients[J]. Tomography, 2015, 1:105-114.
[61] Sun D, Chen X, Gu G, Wang J, Zhang J. Potential roles of mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) in traumatic brain injury[J]. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2017, 37:1349-1357.
[62] Chen T, Dai SH, Jiang ZQ, Luo P, Jiang XF, Fei Z, Gui SB, Qi YL. The AMPAR antagonist perampanel attenuates traumatic brain injury through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity[J]. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2017, 37:43-52.
[63] Atanasijevic T, Shusteff M, Fam P, Jasanoff A. Calcium -sensitive MRI contrast agents based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and calmodulin[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103:14707-14712.
[64] Mukherjee A, Davis HC, Ramesh P, Lu GJ, Shapiro MG. Biomolecular MRI reporters:evolution of new mechanisms[J]. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc, 2017, 102-103:32-42.
[65] Goforth PB, Ellis EF, Satin LS. Enhancement of AMPA -mediated current after traumatic injury in cortical neurons[J]. J Neurosci, 1999, 19:7367-7374.
[66] Gsell W, Burke M, Wiedermann D, Bonvento G, Silva AC, Dauphin F, Bührle C, Hoehn M, Schwindt W. Differential effects of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors on functional magnetic resonance imaging signals and evoked neuronal activity during forepaw stimulation of the rat[J]. J Neurosci, 2006, 26:8409-8416.
[67] Ye ZN, Wu LY, Liu JP, Chen Q, Zhang XS, Lu Y, Zhou ML, Li W, Zhang ZH, Xia DY, Zhuang Z, Hang CH. Inhibition of leukotriene B4 synthesis protects against early brain injury possibly via reducing the neutrophil-generated inflammatory response and oxidative stress after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats[J]. Behav Brain Res, 2018, 339:19-27.
[68] Irimia A, Chambers MC, Alger JR, Filippou M, Prastawa MW, Wang B, Hovda DA, Gerig G, Toga AW, Kikinis R, Vespa PM, Van Horn JD. Comparison of acute and chronic traumatic brain injury using semi-automatic multimodal segmentation of MR volumes[J]. J Neurotrauma, 2011, 28:2287-2306.
[69] Wang ML, Huang XJ, Fang SH, Yuan YM, Zhang WP, Lu YB, Ding Q, Wei EQ. Leukotriene D4 induces brain edema and enhances CysLT2 receptor-mediated aquaporin 4 expression[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2006, 350:399-404.
[70] Suzuki Y, Nakamura Y, Yamada K, Huber VJ, Tsujita M, Nakada T. Aquaporin-4 positron emission tomography imaging of the human brain:first report[J]. J Neuroimaging, 2013, 23:219-223.
[71] Chapon C, Franconi F, Lacoeuille F, Hindré F, Saulnier P, Benoit JP, Le Jeune JJ, Lemaire L. Imaging E-selectin expression following traumatic brain injury in the rat using a targeted USPIO contrast agent[J]. MAGMA, 2009, 22:167-174.
[72] Zhang X, Chen J, Graham SH, Du L, Kochanek PM, Draviam R, Guo F, Nathaniel PD, Szabó C, Watkins SC, Clark RS. Intranuclear localization of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and large scale DNA fragmentation after traumatic brain injury in rats and in neuronal cultures exposed to peroxynitrite[J]. J Neurochem, 2002, 82:181-191.
[73] Sabirzhanov B, Stoica BA, Zhao Z, Loane DJ, Wu J, Dorsey SG, Faden AI. MiR-711 upregulation induces neuronal cell death after traumatic brain injury[J]. Cell Death Differ, 2016, 23:654-668.
[74] Varecha M, Zimmermann M, Amrichová J, Ulman V, Matula P, Kozubek M. Prediction of localization and interactions of apoptotic proteins[J]. J Biomed Sci, 2009, 16:59.
[75] Smith BA, Xie BW, van Beek ER, Que I, Blankevoort V, Xiao S, Cole EL, Hoehn M, Kaijzel EL, Löwik CW, Smith BD. Multicolor fluorescence imaging of traumatic brain injury in a cryolesion mouse model[J]. ACS Chem Neurosci, 2012, 3:530-537.
[76] Zucker RM, Rogers JM. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of morphology and apoptosis in organogenesis-stage mouse embryos[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2019, 1965:297-311.
[77] Bondanelli M, Ambrosio MR, Zatelli MC, De Marinis L, degli Uberti EC. Hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury[J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2005, 152:679-691.
[78] Ardalan M, Chumak T, Vexler Z, Mallard C. Sex-dependent effects of perinatal inflammation on the brain:implication for neuro-psychiatric disorders[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20:2270.
[79] Kim H, Cam-Etoz B, Zhai G, Hubbard WJ, Zinn KR, Chaudry IH. Salutary effects of estrogen sulfate for traumatic brain injury[J]. J Neurotrauma, 2015, 32:1210-1216.
[80] O'Neill TJ, Davenport EM, Murugesan G, Montillo A, Maldjian JA. Applications of resting state functional mr imaging to traumatic brain injury[J]. Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 2017, 27:685-696.
[81] de Cristóbal J, Garcia-Garcia L, Delgado M, Pozo MA, Medina M. A longitudinal FDG-PET study of transgenic mice overexpressing GSK-3β in the brain[J]. Curr Alzheimer Res, 2014, 11:175-181.
[82] Hohl A, Zanela FA, Ghisi G, Ronsoni MF, Diaz AP, Schwarzbold ML, Dafre AL, Reddi B, Lin K, Pizzol FD, Walz R. Luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels during acute phase of severe traumatic brain injury:prognostic implications for adult male patients[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2018, 9:29.
[83] Vivash L, O'Brien TJ. Imaging microglial activation with tspo pet:lighting up neurologic diseases[J]? J Nucl Med, 2016, 57:165-168.