摘要：

类风湿关节炎是慢性、消耗性、以关节症状为主的自身免疫性疾病，常侵犯关节，早期表现为滑膜炎侵犯关节软组织，使关节囊和韧带维持关节稳定的作用破坏；后期表现为炎症侵蚀骨组织、骨性融合，使关节出现不同程度的活动受限。寰枢关节由于其自身关节囊松弛、韧带数目多且走行复杂等解剖学特点，是类风湿关节炎较易侵犯的关节。类风湿关节炎进展可以导致寰枢关节不稳，甚至脱位。本文拟就类风湿关节炎致寰枢关节脱位的发病机制进行综述。

关键词: 关节炎, 类风湿, 寰枢关节, 脱位, 综述

Abstract:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, consumptive, autoimmune disease characterized by arthrosis symptoms. It often invades the joints. The early manifestation of RA is invasion of joint soft tissue by synovitis, which can destory the role of joint capsule and ligaments in stabilizing the joints. Later manifestation is the invasion of bone tissue, which result in the fusion of joints and occurrence of different degrees of ankylosis and deformity. Atlantoaxial joint (AAJ) is one of the most common invaded joints of RA due to anatomical characteristics of joint capsule relaxation, multiple ligaments and complex structure. The progressive development of RA may lead to atlantoaxial instability, or even to atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD). This article reviews the pathogenesis of RA involving AAD.

Key words: Arthritis, rheumatoid, Atlanto-axial joint, Dislocations, Review