摘要：

James Parkinson 医生于1817 年首次描述帕金森病的概念、病程和特征性临床症状，直至1877 年Jean-Martin Charcot 医生方命名其为帕金森病并广为熟知。Frederic Henry Lewy 于1912 年在帕金森病患者神经元中检出一种特殊的异常蛋白小体，至1919 年Konstantin Tretiakoff 将其命名为路易小体，认为帕金森病的主要病变部位是黑质，医学界方对帕金森病的病理学特征有所了解。1867 年Leopold Ordenstein 医生发现帕金森病患者存在流涎等副交感神经兴奋症状，并予颠茄生物碱治疗，开创药物治疗帕金森病的先河。20 世纪50 年代以后，研究者们陆续发现帕金森病患者黑质、蓝斑等神经核团存在路易小体，逐渐明确帕金森病的病理学特征。Arvid Carlsson 和Isamu Sano 发现帕金森病患者脑组织多巴胺缺乏，从而研发出左旋多巴药物。帕金森病的历史已近200 年，以此为基础，我们期待很快能够看到帕金森病相关研究的新进展。

关键词: 帕金森病, 医学史, 综述

Abstract:

In 1817, Dr. James Parkinson firstly described the concept, duration, and clinical characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it was widely known until 1877 when it was named "Parkinson's disease" by Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot. In 1912, Frederic Henry Lewy, a neuropathologist, found a special abnormal protein in nerve cells of PD patients. Medical profession began to learn about the pathology of PD only when Konstantin Tretiakoff named the special abnormal protein "Lewy body (LB)" in 1919 and believed the main lesion of PD was in substantia nigra. In 1867, the German psychiatrist Leopold Ordenstein found that PD patients had  symptoms of excitement of parasympathetic nerve, such as salivation, and treated them with belladonna alkaloids, thus creating a precedent for medical treatment of PD. After 1950's, the researchers gradually found that Lewy body was common in substantia nigra and locus coeruleus of PD patients and then gradually determined the pathological features of PD. The Swedish scientist Arvid Carlsson and Japanese neurologist Isamu Sano found dopamine abnormalities in the brain of PD patients, and thus researched and developed levodopa. PD has a history of 200 years, and we expect new research of PD studies.

Key words: Parkinson disease, History of medicine, Review