摘要：

酸敏感离子通道是一种由细胞外质子（H⁺）激活的配体门控性离子通道，属上皮钠离子通道/退化蛋白超家族成员，广泛分布于中枢神经系统、外周神经系统、消化系统和某些肿瘤组织。不同亚基分别在触觉、味觉、学习记忆等多种生理病理学过程中发挥重要作用，包括炎症反应、缺血性卒中、疼痛、学习记忆减退、癫痫、多发性硬化、偏头痛、肠易激综合征、肿瘤等。过去20 余年，对偏头痛病理生理学机制的研究取得了显著进步，炎症反应通路，以及皮质扩散性抑制、三叉神经血管系统激活、中枢和周围疼痛通路敏化等共同发挥作用，但相关发病机制尚未阐明。本文拟对酸敏感离子通道结构、分布及其与偏头痛之间关系的研究进展进行概述。

关键词: 偏头痛, 离子通道, 综述

Abstract:

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by extracellular protons (H⁺), which belong to epithelial sodium channels/degenerin (ENaC/DEG) superfamily. ASICs are widely distributed in central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, digestive system and some tumor tissues. Different ASIC subunits play important roles in various pathophysiological processes such as touch, sour taste, learning and memory, including inflammation, ischemic stroke, pain, learning and memory decline, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis (MS), migraine, irritable bowel syndrome and tumor. Research over the last 2 decades has achieved substantial advances in migraine pathophysiology. It is now largely accepted that inflammatory pathways play a key role and three main events seem to take place: cortical spreading depression (CSD), activation of the trigeminovascular system (i.e. dural nociceptors), peripheral and central sensitization of this pain pathway. However, the exact mechanisms that link these three events to each other and to inflammation have so far remained to be studied. This article takes an overview of newly research advances in structure, distribution and the relationship with migraine of ASICs.

Key words: Migraine disorders, Ion channels, Review