摘要： 脑小血管病系指颅内小血管病变，包括颅内小动脉、微小动脉，以及毛细血管和小静脉病变。近年来，脑小血管病的研究取得了初步进展，但明确诊断仍需依靠组织活检，鉴于病理学资料难以获得，临床更多关注影像学和临床表现，因此正确认识脑小血管病的影像学和临床表现有助于早期识别脑小血管病。本文拟对脑小血管病的研究现状、常见影像学表现、发病机制、临床症状与体征，以及治疗原则进行阐述。

关键词: 脑血管障碍, 综述

Abstract: Cerebral small vessel disease refers to a group of pathological processes with various etiologies that affect small arteries, arterioles, venules, and capillaries of the brain. Recently, the researches of cerebral small vessel disease have got initial progressions, and a definite diagnosis of this disease is comfirmed by biopsy. Given the pathological material is difficult to obtain, clinicians should pay more attention to the imaging features and clinical manifestations. Correct understanding of imaging and clinical manifestations contributes to the early identification of cerebral small vessel disease. Herein, an overview is provided on the present status, common imaging features, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of cerebral small vessel disease.

Key words: Cerebrovascular disorders, Review