摘要： 多发性硬化为一种免疫相关性中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病，临床表现呈异质性，好发于青壮年女性，病残率高，给患者家庭及社会造成沉重负担。遗传因素和环境因素共同参与其发病机制，而HLA 基因复合体为重要的遗传学决定因素，占易感风险的60％，对其研究是目前多发性硬化遗传学研究的热点和难点。

关键词: 多发性硬化, HLA 抗原, 遗传学, 综述

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-related demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The onset age of MS is usually between 20-40 years, showing a heterogeneous clinical feature. Due to the high disability rate, MS causes a huge burden to the society. MS is a complex disease caused by the genetic and environmental factors, in which genetic factors play a critical role. HLA gene complex is the most important determinant in MS risk, with a risk factor rate more than 60%. HLA gene complex has been a focus in MS research worldwide.

Key words: Multiple sclerosis, HLA antigens, Genetics, Review