基础医学与临床 ›› 2011, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 586-590.

• 临床园地 • 上一篇    下一篇

喉结核的临床特点及鉴别诊断

祝小莉1,陈晓巍2,杨华3,樊悦1,吕玮4,高志强2   

  1. 1. 中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 北京协和医院
    2. 中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 北京协和医院耳鼻喉科
    3. 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院
    4. 中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 北京协和医院感染科
  • 收稿日期:2011-02-16 修回日期:2011-03-18 出版日期:2011-05-05 发布日期:2011-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 祝小莉 E-mail:zhuxiaolipumc@gmail.com

Clinical Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis of Laryngeal Tuberculosis

  1. 1. PUMC Hospital, CAMS & PUMC
    2.
  • Received:2011-02-16 Revised:2011-03-18 Online:2011-05-05 Published:2011-05-06
  • Contact: Xiao-li ZHU E-mail:zhuxiaolipumc@gmail.com

摘要: 目的:总结近14年喉结核的临床特点。方法:回顾性分析1996年11月至2010年12月经北京协和医院诊治的10例喉结核病例。收集临床资料,粘膜下见上皮样肉芽肿结节伴干酪性坏死为诊断标准。抗酸染色、痰结核菌涂片辅助诊断。所有患者均接受规范的抗结核治疗。另分析6例累及喉的Wegener肉芽肿以及24例声门上型喉癌的资料,以鉴别诊断喉结核。结果:喉结核男性:女性为1.5:1,平均年龄49.6岁,病程中位数2.5个月。最常见的症状为声音嘶哑(7例),其次依次为咳嗽(5例),咽痛(4例),呼吸困难(3例)。常见的受累部位包括会厌、杓会厌襞、室带和声带,声门下受累者少见。8例存在肺部病变者, 1例患者出现盗汗及胸痛,所有患者均无发热、咯血表现。所有患者HIV抗体均为阴性。平均随诊时间73.7个月。1例患者正在治疗中,其余9例治疗后病情稳定,随诊期间无复发。结论:喉结核少见,临床上可能遇见不伴肺部病变的原发性喉结核。确诊或高度疑似喉结核的病例应尽快进行规范的抗结核治疗,以避免严重的并发症。

关键词: 喉, 结核, 临床表现, 鉴别诊断

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the clinical patterns of current laryngeal tuberculosis. Methods: Clinical analysis of 10 patients with pathologically confirmed laryngeal tuberculosis was carried out retrospectively. Analyzed 6 Wegener granuloma cases that involved the larynx and 24 supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma cases for differential diagnosis of laryngeal tuberculosis. Results: The age of patients of laryngeal tuberculosis ranged from 37 to 74 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.5 to 1. The most frequent complaint was hoarseness. The epiglottis, arytepiglottic fold, the false vocal cord and the true vocal cord were commonly involved, 8 patients had active pulmonary tuberculosis, and 2 were proven to have normal lung status. All the patients received proper antituberculosis chemotherapy. Conclusions: The patterns of laryngeal tuberculosis have changed over the years. It can occur without pulmonary involvements. The characteristics of lesions seem to be more nonspecific. The differential diagnosis of this disease is more difficult. Prompt and proper treatment is very important in decreasing the complications of laryngeal tuberculosis.

Key words: Tuberculosis, laryngeal, diagnosis, differential