Objective To identify co-expressed genes and potential comorbidity mechanisms between Alzheimer′s disease(AD) and epilepsy with publicly available single-cell transcriptome sequencing data from human brains, followed by functional validation in APP/PS1 double transgenic AD mouse models expressing the chimerical Mo/HuAPP695swe amyloid precursor protein and mutant PS1-dE9 presenilin 1. Methods The single-cell transcriptome sequencing data of brain tissue from AD and epilepsy patients were collected from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database followed by cell clustering, differential expression analysis and gene ontology (GO)functional enrichment analysis using R-based tools such as Seurat and cluster Profiler and video electroencephalogram (vEEG) monitoring and Western blot experiments. Results A total of eight major brain cell types were identified, with neurons and glial cells exhibiting shared differentially expressed genes between AD and epilepsy. These co-expressed genes were significantly clustered in pathways related to metal ion homeostasis, synaptic transmission, oxidative stress, and immune activation, which suggested common pathological mechanisms involving in synaptic dysfunction and neuro-inflammation in both disorders. The vEEG recordings of APP/PS1 mouse model of AD showed 30% of mice exhibited high-frequency epileptic seizures, while 70% showed low-frequency seizure activity. Subsequent validation in the prefrontal cortex of AD mice confirmed up-regulated expression of key molecular markers (HES5, c-FOS, and RPL10A) identified through single-cell sequencing analysis. Conclusions AD and epilepsy share gene co-expression profiles and functional pathways in specific cell types. The results of research provide a theoretical support for further elucidating their comorbidity mechanisms and developing targeted therapeutic strategy.

Objective To investigate the temporal and spatial relationship between autophagosome formation during spermatid deformation and lipid droplet distribution in seminiferous tubules, thereby providing insights into the energy sources underlying spermiogenesis. Methods Healthy adult wild-type male mice were used in this study. The expression profile of the autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) in the testis was examined using immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. The ultrastructural features of autophagosomes were observed via transmission electron microscopy. Lipid droplets in the seminiferous tubules were visualized by Oil Red O staining, and the relationship between lipid metabolism and energy dynamics was assessed by measuring ATP content and ATPase activity. Results Autophagosomes were detected in deforming spermatids and Sertoli cells. LC3 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of elongating spermatids, with increasing levels found from stages Ⅱ to Ⅳ. Concurrently, lipid droplets within these cells also increased, peaking in spermatids and residual bodies during stages Ⅶ-Ⅷ, followed by a decline. In contrast, lipid droplets in Sertoli cells remained markedly increased during stages Ⅸ-Ⅰ and low during stages Ⅱ-Ⅷ. The change of ATP levels in the seminiferous tubules showed a similar pattern as Sertoli cell lipid content, whereas ATPase activity showed an inverse trend. All these changes displayed a clear stage-dependent manner. Conclusions During spermatid elongation in mice LC3 expression, autophagosome formation, lipid droplet accumulation in both spermatozoa and Sertoli cells, as well as ATP and ATPase levels in seminiferous tubules exhibit a tightly coordinated spatiotemporal relationship. These findings suggest that autophagy and lipid metabolism synergistically contribute to the energy supply required for the extensive cellular remodeling that occurs during spermiogenesis.

Objective To investigate the role of homocysteine (Hcy) in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its effects on intestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, and barrier function. Methods Clinical cohorts and animal models were combined for this study. Clinically, fifteen IBS patients meeting Rome Ⅲ criteria and 15 control individuals were enrolled to detect fecal Hcy levels and their correlation with symptoms. As for animal experiments, water avoidance stress (WAS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) chemical induction were utilized to establish IBS rat and mouse models, combined with a high-methionine diet (HMD) to simulate hyperhomocysteinemia. IBS symptoms were evaluated through fecal water content, carmine red intestinal transit time,and visceral hypersensitivity scores. Immune-fluorescence and Western blot were used to detect intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins. Serum and fecal Hcy concentrations were measured to assess Hcy levels. Statistical analyses included t-tests and One-way Anova. Results Fecal Hcy level in IBS patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group which demonstrated a positive correlation with defecation frequency(P＜0.01). In animal models, the combination of TNBS administration and a high-methionine diet markedly elevated serum and fecal Hcy levels in mice, while synergistically exacerbated intestinal motility disorders and visceral hypersensitivity. In vitro experiments showed that Hcy treatment down-regulates the expression of tight junction proteins in human colon cancer cell line(Caco-2). Conclusions Hcy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBS by impairing intestinal barrier function and enhancing visceral hypersensitivity, and it may serve as a potential new target for the treatment of IBS.

Objective To develop a modified lentiviral expression system of mCherry-GFP-LC3B, driven by the hematopoietic-specific SFFV (spleen focus-forming virus) promoter, in order to perform an efficient and real-time monitoring of autophagy flux with in terminally differentiated erythroid cells. Methods The lentiviral plasmid pRSC-SFFV-mCherry-GFP-LC3B was constructed and packaged into lentiviruses for infection of human erythroid progenitor cell line(HUDEP-2) and mouse fetal liver-derived primary erythroid cells. Autophagy dynamics of the cells were then analyzed using fluorescence imaging, Western blot, and flow cytometry in serum starvation and chloroquine inter-vention models. Results The SFFV promoter rendered significantly higher reporter expression efficiency than CMV promoter in HUDEP-2 (97% vs. 60%)(P＜0.01) and in the primary mouse erythroid cells (83% vs. 1%)(P＜0.001), without disrupting normal erythroid differentiation. Serum deprivation increased autolysosomes (red puncta), elevated LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratios, and decreased p62 levels. Chloroquine treatment induced autophagosome (yellow puncta) accumulation (P＜0.001), showing a dose-dependent inhibition of autophagy flux (r²=0.92). Conclusions The SFFV-driven dual-fluorescent system enables robust and real-time monitoring of autophagy flux in erythroid cells, providing a sensitive tool for mechanistic study of erythroid differentiation and related disorders such as anemia.

Objective To explore the role and mechanism of HJT-sRNA-m7 (M7) bencaosome in a silicosis mouse model. Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: blank, control, negative control (NC) oligonucleotide, and M7 treatment (HJT-sRNA-m7 bencaosome) groups. After three rounds of pretreatment with HJT-sRNA-m7 bencaosome, all groups except the blank one were modeled via a single intratracheal exposure. Each mouse received 50 μL of a silica suspension at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight via intratracheal instillation. From day 6 to day 26, the bencaosome was administered every other day via oral gavages. On day 28, pulmonary function tests were performed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected for flow cytometry and cytokine analysis. The left lung was harvested for histopathological examination and Masson′s trichrome staining to evaluate collagen fiber deposition. The right lung was used for hydroxyproline quantification to assess collagen accumulation. Results The results of pulmonary function test, pathological analysis and hydroxyproline measurements all indicated that M7 bencaosome treatment significantly alleviated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis of BALF confirmed that M7 bencaosome inhibited the silica-induced inflammatory response, that was supported by cytokine analysis. Conclusions HJT-sRNA-m7 bencaosome is quite effective to treat silicosis and inhibits mitigating pulmonary fibrosis progression in mouse models.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) apoptosis. Methods An in vitro abdominal aortic aneurysm cell model was established by stimulating human VSMCs(HUSMCs) with angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ). Stable ANGPTL8 knockdown and over-expression VSMC cell strains were generated using lentiviral transfection. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the protein expression of ANGPTL8, caspase9, caspase3, Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and PUMA, while RT-qPCR was used to assess mRNA expression of ANGPTL8, Bcl-2 and Bax. Results AngⅡ significantly induced ANGPTL8 expression in HVSMCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner(P＜0.05). ANGPTL8 knockdown significantly reduced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins caspase9, caspase3, and Bax, while increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2(P＜0.05). Conversely, ANGPTL8 over-expression markedly induced HVSMCs apoptosis, which was significantly suppressed by treatment with the p53 pathway inhibitor pifithrin-α (PFT-α). Conclusions ANGPTL8 may promote VSMC apoptosis by activation of p53 signaling pathway.

Objective To study the effect of STAT3 over-expression-mediated A2 astrocyte polarization on type 1 diabetic mellitus(T1DM)peripheral neuropathy. Methods STAT3 over-expression virus was intrathecally injected into type 1 diabetic rats with painful diabetic neuropathy(PDN). The rats were divided into four groups: control group, T1DM group, T1DM + vector group, and T1DM + STAT3 OE group. Paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency were measured. Flow cytometry and RT-qPCR were used to sort astrocytes and determine the phenotype of reactive astrocytes. Immune-fluorescence staining microscopy was performed to observe the changes of A2 phenotype astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn of each group. Results Compared to the control group, the mechanical (P＜0.001) and heat thresholds (P＜0.05) were significantly reduced in the T1DM group. The mechanical threshold was significantly increased in the T1DM+STAT3 OE group as compared to that in the T1DM group(P＜0.001). Histolgical analysis showed degenerative pathological changes of spinal dorsal horn astrocytes in the T1DM group. Astrocytes in the T1DM+STAT3 OE group were activated and polarized toward the A2 phenotype. Conclusions The STAT3 pathway in the spinal dorsal horn astrocytes of rats with type 1 diabetic neuropathy is impaired. Restoring STAT3 expression promotes activation of astrocyte proliferation, activation, and polarization toward the A2 phenotype, thereby alleviating diabetic neuropathic pain.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of a newly constructed Aβ_25-35-based recombinant gene vaccine for Alzheimer′s disease (AD). Methods The pcDNA-Aβ_25-35-GRP94 recombinant gene vaccine was constructed using Aβ_25-35 as the epitope and pcDNA3.1 plasmid as the vector. Early APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice were selected as experimental subjects, including the AD control group and the pcDNA-Aβ_25-35-GRP94 immunized group for regular immunization. ELISA was performed to detect the titers and isotypes of Aβ-specific antibodies; Morris Water Maze (MWM) Test and Open-Field Test (OFT) were performed to determine the changes in both cognitive ability and mental state of mice; Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the effects of the vaccine on both Aβ plaques and glial cells in the brains of AD mouse models; ELISA kit was used to evaluate the level of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β) in the mouse brain. Results Compared with the AD control group, the pcDNA-Aβ_25-35-GRP94 vaccine induced APP/PS1 mice to produce higher levels of Aβ specific antibodies(P＜0.05), and mainly induced IgG1 antibodies (P＜0.01). The vaccine significantly reduced Aβ plaques in the brain tissue(P＜0.05) and effectively alleviated learning memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice (P＜0.05) without causing mental behavioral abnormalities. Moreover, the vaccine inhibited the abnormal proliferation of glial cells (P＜0.05) and did not cause obvious inflammatory reactions in the brain, suggesting the vaccine was safe and effective. Conclusions Early vaccination with a Aβ_25-35-based recombinant gene vaccine can induce the formation of high level of Aβ specific antibodies, effectively alleviate the learning memory impairment of AD and related neuro-pathological changes. It may be used to treat AD.

Objective To construct fluorescent molecular probes targeting at tumor heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in order to enhance tumor-specific recognition. Methods The human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line PANC-1 and the human small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H446 were used as the research targets to study the uptake and clearance of Cy5-P7 by tumor cells with flow cytometry as well as immune-fluorescence technology; The mechanism to mediate entrance of Cy5-P7 into the cells by Hsp90 was investigated by blocking of the PANC-1 cell surface proteins with monoclonal antibody to Hsp90; Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 was subcutaneously injected into posterior dorsum of BALB/c nude mice to construct a xenogeneic subcutaneous tumor model to validate the in vivo tumor recognition ability by Cy7-P7 as well as its in vivo distribution in mice. Results The uptake of Cy5-P7 by cells was significantly reduced in low temperature (P＜0.05); An average fluorescence intensity in Cy5-P7-treated cells was significantly reduced after blocking with a monoclonal antibody to Hsp90(P＜0.05); The fluorescence intensity at the tumor site of Cy7-P7 group was higher than that of control group (P＜0.05), and there was a significant presence of Cy7-P7 in the kidney and tumor fluorescence. Conclusions Cy5-P7 can effectively target at Hsp90, and its specific binding significantly enhanced the cellular uptake of Cy5-P7 fluorescent probe, which improved the sensitivity and accuracy of fluorescence imaging. Cy7-P7 showed good tumor active recognition in vivo, and was able to be enriched at the tumor site and metabolized out of the body in 48 h, which may effectively support accurate tumor recognition.

Objective To investigate the transcriptional and translational expression of Slitrk6 in rat spermatogenesis. Methods The mRNA transcription level and translation level of Slitrk6 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively in testis of rats aged 2-65 days (repeat three times at each time point). Results The mRNA expression of Slitrk6 reached the highest on day 4 and day 10. SLITRK6 protein was continuously expressed during testis development in rats. Slitrk6 was found in human testis through PPI network. Conclusions Slitrk6 is potentially involved in mitosis and meiosis in spermatogenesis; The Slitrk6 may be one of the key genes in spermatogenesis. SLITRK6 protein is involved in mitosis and the transformation of round spermatids.The results lay a foundation for subsequent research on male infertility.

Objective To investigate the expression of dermatopontin (DPT) in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and to explore the mechanism in promoting AAA progression. Methods Differential gene expression (DEG) and GO-KEGG pathway enrichment were used to assess DPT expression level and related pathways in AAA. AAA tissue samples were collected from patients undergoing open surgical repair at Beijing Hospital (experimental group, n=3), while control aortic tissues were collected from kidney transplant donors (n=3). Immun-ohistochemistry and immuno-fluorescence staining were performed to validate DPT protein expression differences in AAA tissues. Masson staining microscopy was used to evaluate fibrosis level. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were divided into control (Ctrl) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated groups (n=3). RT-qPCR, ELISA, and immunocytochemistry (ICC) were used to measure DPT expression level. HASMCs were further divided into control (Ctrl) and recombinant human DPT-treated groups with 3 cases in each. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expression of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP9). Cell adhesion assays were conducted to examine the role of integrin α3 and integrin β1 in HASMC adhesion. Results DPT was highly expressed in human AAA tissues (P＜0.01). LPS induced DPT expression and secretion in HASMCs (P＜0.05). DPT promoted IL-1α (P＜0.001) and IL-1β (P＜0.01) expression through a positive feedback mechanism while suppressed COL1A1 (P＜0.001) production. DPT enhanced HASMC adhesion via the integrin α3β1 receptor (P＜0.001). Conclusions DPT promotes AAA progression by activating IL-1α/IL-1β inflammatory cytokines and inhibits COL1A1-mediated extra cellular matrix (ECM) remodeling.Integrin α3β1 is potentially involved in the regulation process.

Objective To explore factors affecting blood pressure control in chronic disease patients in China′s national basic public health service chronic disease patient management program and to find their relationships with Bayesian network(BN) model, in order to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive hypertension management. Methods 5 577 Hypertensive patients were selected from eight provinces(including autonomous regions) covering eastern, central and western parts of China during a survey from 2021 to 2022. Researchers collected individual and community-management data to screen influencing factors by Logistic regression, and to describe factor dependencies and to identify key determinants of blood pressure control with BN in. blood pressure control. Results Logistic regression revealed that urban/rural status, education, alcohol use, exercise, overweight/obesity and community-doctor advice on salt reduction, smoking cessation were significantly associated with blood pressure control(P＜0.05). The BN model identified 22 directed edges showing that urban residence and good hypertension knowledge were more correlated with better control, while community-doctor management and services directly affected patient lifestyle habits but not blood pressure control. Conclusions Research should focus more on urban-rural disparities and hypertension education. Additionally, improving patient habits and community-doctor services is essential for better blood pressure control.

Objective To investigate the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on different phenotypes of microglia and astrocytes in the human brain and their role in neurological symptoms resulted from COVID-19 infection. Methods Fourteen human hippocampus-entorhinal cortex (HP-EC) samples were selected including 7 from COVID-19 patients and 7 from control donors. Multiplex immuno-histochemistry was used to detect markers of microglia and astrocytes followed by quantitative evaluation and statistical analysis. Results COVID-19 infection significantly changed density of microglia and astrocytes in HP-EC regions. It led to a decrease in quantity of neuro-protective, neurotoxic, and water-homeostasis-regulating astrocytes, while phagocytic microglia, chemotactic microglia and lipid-transporting astrocytes showed a region-specific density changes. Conclusions COVID-19 infection disrupts immune microenvironment of central nervous system, that may potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related neurological symptoms as shown by changes of functional states of microglia and astrocytes.

Objective To screen the active chemical components with potential therapeutic effects against lung cancer in tea and to provide new insights into the treatment and prevention of lung cancer. Methods Based on network pharmacology, the main active components from 13 types of tea samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS). The targets of these small molecules were obtained from the BATMAN-TCM database to construct a “component-target-disease” network. Lung cancer-related disease targets were retrieved from the GeneCard and Malacard databases followed by Gene Ontology (GO) functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of potential pharmacological targets. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database. The molecular docking was employed to screen small molecules with potential anti-cancer activity, and their potential inhibition to proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 and human large cell lung cancer cell line H460. Results A total of 37 active components and 429 targets were identified in tea, with 182 overlapping targets associated with lung cancer. GO analysis revealed that these targets were primarily involved in biological processes such as cell proliferation, response to stimuli, and metabolic processes. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these targets were mainly enriched in the p53 signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. PPI network analysis identified key targets including MAPK1, AKT1, SRC, MAPK3, and p53. Molecular docking screened coumestrol as a molecule capable of binding to human estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), and its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of A549 and H460 cells was experimentally validated(P＜0.000 1). Conclusions The active components in tea may intervene in the development and progression of lung cancer through a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanism, The results suggests potential components against lung cancer in tea, which may be applied in the prevention of human lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the changes in serum level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) in patients with severe multiple injuries and their relationship with intestinal function damage. Methods Cases data from ninety-eight patients with multiple injuries admitted to Beijing Temple of Heaven Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from December 2021 to December 2023 were collected as the diseased group. They were separated into mild group (n=52) and severe group (n=46) based on the Injury Severity Score (ISS). Additionally, 42 healthy controls that underwent physical examinations were regarded as the control group. ELISA was applied to detect serum HSP70 and IFABP level. General clinical data were collected and analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of the severity of multiple injuries patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum HSP70 and IFABP for the degree of intestinal function damage in patients with severe multiple injuries. Spearman method was applied to analyze the correlation between serum HSP70, IFABP with ISS and degree of intestinal function damage. Results Compared with the control group, serum level of HSP70 and IFABP in the diseased group was significantly increased (P＜0.05). The ISS, intensive care unit(ICU) hospitalization time, serum HSP70, and IFABP levels in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group (P＜0.05). The ISS, ICU hospitalization time, and serum level of HSP70 and IFABP were all believed to be the risk factors affecting the severity of multiple injuries patients (P＜0.05). Compared with the mild group, the serum HSP70 and IFABP level in the severe group were significantly increased (P＜0.05). The AUC of HSP70, IFABP, and combined diagnosis for the degree of intestinal function damage in patients was 0.837, 0.817, and 0.950, respectively. The combined diagnosis was obviously better than individual diagnosis of HSP70 (Z=2.200, P=0.028) and IFABP(Z=2.007,P=0.045). There was a positive correlation between serum HSP70, IFABP, with ISS, the degree of intestinal function damage(P＜0.05). Conclusions The serum level of HSP70 and IFABP in patients with severe multiple injuries are significantly increased, which are closely related to the degree of intestinal function damage. So the results may facilitate diagnoses and severity evaluation of intestinal function damage of patients.

Objective Feasibility application of microelectrode recording (MER) during sub thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) implantation under desflurane general anesthesia(GA) in patients with Parkinson′s disease (PD). Methods A prospective cohort of 20 PD patients undergoing STN-DBS under desflurane general anesthesia were enrolled. Intraoperative MER quality, pos-operative acute pain, cognitive function, anxiety/depression status, quality of life, and clinical efficacy of DBS were evaluated. Results Among the patients, 14 were male with average PD duration of (8.1±3.6)years. Hoehn-Yahr staging averaged 2.8±0.5 in “on” state and 2.3±0.5 in “off” state. The mean DBS surgery duration was 87.4 minutes. Highly normalized root-mean-square (NRMS) signals were successfully recorded in all cases, with remedial measures applied in 4 patients to achieve satisfactory MER signals. Post-operative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores on days 1, 2, and 3 were 3.7±2.2, 2.8±1.6,and 1.8±2.0, respectively. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores showed no statistical difference during hospitalization as compared to pre-operative values, but significantly decreased at 6-month follow-up (24.3±4.1 vs. 21.5±3.5, P＜0.05). All patients demonstrated significant reduction in Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and Parkinson′s disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) scores at 6-month follow-up. The unified Parkinson′s disease rating scale (UPDRS-Ⅲ) improvement rates were 51.4%±39.2% (medication-on) and 61.6%±26.8% (medication-off) respectively with Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose (LEDD) improvement rate of 48.6%±23.0%. Conclusions Desflurane general anesthesia is safe and feasible for electrods implantation in STN-DBS of PD patients, without interfering with intra-operative MER or postoperative outcomes.

Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is an important enzyme involved in the anaerobic glycolysis of cells, catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and participating in processes such as tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and the regulation of the tumor microenvironment. High expression levels of LDHA are often indicative of disease progression and poor prognosis in malignant hematological diseases. The expression of LDHA in malignant hematological diseases is closely associated with various molecules, including HIF-1, microRNAs and c-Myc, as well as signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT/GSK3, USP1/PLK1/LDHA and Fbw7/LDHA/lactate/miR-223. Meanwhile,the progression of malignant hematological conditions facilitated by LDHA primarily occurs through the regulation of energy metabolism via glycolytic pathways.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a form of pulmonary hypertension caused by unresolved thrombi and chronic embolization in the pulmonary arteries. In recent years, multi-omics technologies have provided multidimensional insights into CTEPH. Single-cell transcriptomics has identified key pathogenic cell subsets and related mechanisms; Genomics has revealed susceptibility genes associated with coagulation; Proteomics has uncovered differentially expressed proteins closely linked to vascular remodeling; And metabolomics has characterized metabolic reprogramming features and potential sub-typing biomarkers. This review summarizes recent advances in these omics fields and discusses their value and prospects in mechanistic exploration, biomarker discovery, and personalized therapeutic strategies.

Objective To investigate the profile of common oral diseases in the Inner Mongolia region and the impact on local residents, and to obtain a clear picture of technology availability for local oral physicians and their needs for oral medical training. This will provide an important basis for optimizing the content of continuing education program and the direction of counterpart assistance in order to improve the technical level of local oral physicians and the practicality of oral medical teaching. Methods The study selected oral physicians from the Inner Mongolia region as subjects and designed a questionnaire to explore the current status of oral diseases and the training needs of oral physicians in this area. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability method was used for statistical testing. Results Data collected from the survey questionnaires of 181 oral physicians in the Inner Mongolia region indicated that 56.83% of physicians were engaged in routine oral medicine, reaching 56.83%. Dental caries and peri-odontitis were the most common oral diseases in the region (70.37% and 65.74% respectively). The most common impacts of these diseases on patients were pain and discomfort. In terms of clinical skills, diagnostic imaging skills, oral examination skills and root canal therapy were the most important as the Objective of training there were 70.17% of respondents expressed expectation to get the learning and training opportunity for new technologies and methods. Conclusions Continuing education programs and specific targeted assistance projects should focus on strengthening basic professional training for dental practitioners in Inner Mongolia and the promotion of capacity building in the field of healthcare and promotion of oral health in the region.

In September 2024, the updated version of Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hypertension was published. This version of guidelines comprises 44 pivotal clinical inquiries and 99 recommendations pertaining to the diagnosis, assessment, and management of hypertension. The new version of the guidelines emphasizes moving the line of defense of antihypertensive treatment forward, strengthening antihypertensive treatment, reflecting the concept of strengthening initial prevention and primary prevention, and stressing the importance of lifestyle intervention and blood pressure monitoring, which is of great guiding value and practical significance to clinical work. This paper interprets the management strategy of hypertension patients from the perspective of nursing practice,in order to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical nursing work.