Abstract:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system disease. Serious complications can occur as a result of loss of sensory and motor functions below the injury level and a consistent hostile response in the injury region. The quality of life is decreased and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, a functional restoration is essential for better outcomes. Restoration of the anatomical structure and microenvironment of the damaged region can be obtained by molecular drug modulation, neuroprotection, neuroregeneration, stem cell therapy, and biomaterial-based tissue engineering. Functional restoration can be achieved by boosting neuroplasticity with activity-based therapy or electrical stimulation, or by implanting interfaces that allowed accessibility to interactive devices. Combined therapy showed potentially better outcomes.

Key words: Spinal cord injuries, Neuronal plasticity, Neural networks, computer, Review

摘要：

脊髓损伤是严重的中枢神经系统疾病，损伤平面以下感觉和运动功能丧失，生活质量下降，同时伴多系统并发症，预后不良。因此脊髓损伤修复和功能重建至关重要，包括神经结构修复以及基于神经网络的功能调控两方面，前者包括分子药物调控、神经保护和轴突再生、干细胞疗法、生物学材料辅助组织修复等；后者通过基于活动的疗法和电刺激提高神经可塑性，以及通过植入接口与外接设备形成交互，多种功能调控方案联合应用更具潜在优越性。

关键词: 脊髓损伤, 神经元可塑性, 神经网络，计算机, 综述