Abstract:

Atlantoaxial joint, which is located in the body of the upper cervical spine, plays an important role in bearing and motion. It is the nerve center of medulla oblongata and spinal cord, and a lot of other important structures, such as neck arteriovenous and great occipital nerve, were distributed in this area, therefore the study on reasons and mechanism of atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) is of great guiding significance for clinical treatment. This article will explore the specific mechanisms of AAD from the aspects of anatomy of atlantoaxial joint and surrounding structures, biomechanics and histology.

Key words: Atlanto-axial joint, Dislocations, Review

摘要：

寰枢关节位置特殊，具有承重、运动等重要功能，是延髓和脊髓等重要神经中枢，其内走行颈动静脉、枕大神经等重要结构，寰枢关节脱位病因及其作用机制研究具有重大意义。本文拟从寰枢关节及其周围结构解剖学、生物力学和组织学特点三方面对寰枢关节脱位病因及其相关作用机制进行阐述。

关键词: 寰枢关节, 脱位, 综述