Abstract: As an indispensable component of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the unique noninvasive imaging method to visualize white matter fiber tracts in vivo. In addition, the diffusion data can be used for the determination of quantitative diffusion values such as isotropic and anisotropic diffusion that reflects condition of nerves. Recently, several studies have shown that DTI was useful for the evaluation of peripheral nerve. This paper gives an overview of the research progress on DTI application in peripheral neuropathy, including acute peripheral nerve injury, chronic peripheral nerve damage, peripheral nerve inflammatory lesions and peripheral nerve tumors.

Key words: Magnetic resonance imaging, Peripheral nervous system diseases, Review

摘要： 扩散张量成像是fMRI的重要组成部分，是目前唯一可在体显示白质纤维束的无创性检查方法。此外，还可通过测量各向同性和各向异性等参数，对白质纤维束的完整性进行评价。目前，已有研究将扩散张量成像技术应用于周围神经系统疾病，本文拟从急性周围神经损伤、慢性周围神经损伤，以及周围神经系统炎症和肿瘤等方面对其在周围神经系统疾病的研究进展进行概述。

关键词: 磁共振成像, 周围神经系统疾病, 综述