Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases include a heterogeneous group of diseases with complicated and overlapped clinical phenotypes. It is difficult to diagnose or identify this kind of disease due to insidious onset and chronic and progressive development. Since processes in the brain can be monitored by analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), abundant research efforts focus on the efficacy of biomarkers in CSF to indicate specific neurodegenerative lesions and to assist the diagnosis process, assessing whether one biomarker or several biomarkers together could be the reliable tools for diagnosis of specific neurodegenerative diseases. This article mainly reviews the research status and supplementary value in diagnosis and differentiation of CSF biomarkers in common degenerative diseases [e.g. multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)].

Key words: Neurodegenerative diseases, Cerebrospinal fluid, Biological markers, Review

摘要： 中枢神经系统变性疾病是一类临床表型复杂、难以早期诊断与鉴别诊断的疾病群，发病隐匿且多呈慢性进行性发展，早期诊断、早期治疗十分关键。探寻神经变性疾病特异性的脑脊液生物学标志物，对指示或评价特定神经变性损害，以及对此类疾病的早期诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值。本文就脑脊液生物学标志物在常见神经变性疾病（多发性硬化、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症等）中的研究现状，以及对疾病诊断与鉴别诊断的辅助价值进行概述。

关键词: 神经变性疾病, 脑脊髓液, 生物学标记, 综述