Abstract: The diagnosis and discrimination of movement disorders is very difficult in clinical medicine. We usually make a diagnosis according to symptoms and physical examination when the disease develops to a certain stage, but with few objective criteria. Pathological result can provide a definite diagnosis. Recently, a new examination named transcranial sonography (TCS) has been used in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) in Europe. It is also helpful in the diagnosis of other movement disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The advantages of TCS include non?invasion, making a diagnosis at the early stage of disease, convenience and short testing time. We give a review about TCS in four parts: the historical development of TCS, the principle of TCS in diagnosing movement disorders, the applications of TCS in movement disorders and the advantages and disadvantages of TCS.

Key words: Ultrasonography, Doppler, transcranial, Movement disorders, Review

摘要： 运动障碍性疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断长期以来一直是临床医学的难点，主要根据疾病进展到一定阶段后出现的症状与体征作出诊断，客观指标极少，明确诊断需要病理结果。近年来，欧洲国家开展一项新型检查方法即经颅脑实质超声检查，从最初对帕金森病的诊断到用于其他运动障碍性及神经变性疾病的辅助诊断，具有无创、简易、检查时间短,以及便于早期诊断等优势。本文将从经颅脑实质超声的发展过程、对运动障碍性疾病的诊断原理、在运动障碍性疾病的应用，以及临床应用优势和局限性等方面简述这一领域的发展过程和研究进展。

关键词: 超声检查, 多普勒, 经颅； 运动障碍； 综述