摘要： 目的   采用两种注血方法建立大鼠蛛网膜下隙出血早期脑血管痉挛模型，比较两种制备方法对脑血管痉挛程度的影响。方法   分别采用枕大池一次注血和二次注血法制备蛛网膜下隙出血早期基底动脉痉挛动物模型，HE 染色观察基底动脉形态变化，计算基底动脉血管横截面积；透射电子显微镜观察基底动脉超微结构变化。结果   光学显微镜观察，枕大池一次注血组和二次注血组大鼠颅底有凝血块沉积；一次注血组大鼠基底动脉血管横截面积略有缩小［（2.68 ± 0.48）× 10-2 mm2］，但与假手术组比较差异无统计学意义（q = 2.630，P = 0.070），二次注血组大鼠基底动脉血管横截面积［（2.41 ± 0.24）×10-2 mm2］显著小于假手术组（q = 4.660，P = 0.003），但与一次注血组之间差异无统计学意义（q = 2.031，P = 0.166）。电子显微镜观察，一次注血组大鼠基底动脉内弹力层局部变薄，内皮细胞胞质少量空泡形成，胞膜损伤崩解，中膜平滑肌细胞空泡样变性；二次注血组大鼠中膜平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞胞质空泡样变性，内皮细胞胞膜受损。结论   经枕大池注血法可复制蛛网膜下隙出血早期脑血管痉挛动物模型，以二次注血法所复制的脑血管痉挛模型更为稳定。

关键词: 蛛网膜下腔出血, 血管痉挛, 颅内, 显微镜检查, 电子, 透射, 疾病模型, 动物

Abstract: Objective To establish and compare the early cerebral vasospasm (CVS) caused by 2 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) models. Methods Thirty-nine Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control group, single injection group and double injection group. Rat subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by single or double injection of autologous blood into the cisterna magna. A second injection was given after 48 h in double injection group. Perfusion-fixation was performed after 24 h of receiving the last intracisternal injection of blood, and then brain tissue and basilar artery were removed. HE staining was used to examine morphology and cross-sectional areas of the basilar artery. The ultrastructural changes were observed by electron microscope. Results There were obvious clots in the basilar region, and decreasing cross-sectional areas in the 2 kinds of injection groups (F = 5.460, P = 0.012). Cross-sectional areas of basilar artery in single injection group were slightly decreased [(2.68 ± 0.48) × 10-2 mm2], and the difference compared with control group was not significant (q = 2.630, P = 0.070). Cross-sectional areas of basilar artery in double injection group were significantly decreased compared with control group [(2.41 ± 0.24) × 10-2 mm2; q = 4.660, P = 0.003], but there was no significant difference with single injection group (q = 2.031, P = 0.166). Ultrastructural changes of the artery wall and hippocampus were observed in injection groups, including dystrophy of endotheliocyte, vacuolated cytoplasm, distortion of smooth muscle cell and corrugation of intimal elastic lamina. Conclusion Blood injection into the cisterna magna in rats can establish early cerebral vasospasm model after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The double injection group is more stable.

Key words: Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Vasospasm, intracranial, Microscopy, electron, transmission, Disease models, animal