Abstract: MicroRNA（miRNA）are a class of short non-coding RNA molecules，which diversely regulate gene expression in organisms. MiRNAs have been found to perform a pivotal role not only in various biologic processes, but also in abnormal state including the occurrence and development of neoplasm. MiR-124, which is highly conserved, is down-expressed in various human neoplasm and is closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of neoplasm, as the key anti-oncogenic component.

Key words: microRNA (miRNA), miR-124, function, neoplasm