摘要： 小儿神经外科涵盖儿童脑肿瘤、先天性神经管发育畸形、脑积水、颅脑创伤和脑血管病等。我国小儿神经外科自1960年成立以来，历经数代人的不懈努力，实现从无到有、由弱到强的跨越式发展，手术病种、手术量均达到世界先进水平。同时，我国小儿神经外科亦面临诸多挑战，包括专业人才不足、地区发展不均衡、缺乏权威性治疗指南或专家共识等。当今的科技进步及政策推动提供了新的机遇，应紧跟时代潮流，持续推动我国小儿神经外科向前发展。

关键词: 神经外科（学）, 脑肿瘤, 教育, 专业, 再培训, 卫生服务管理, 儿童

Abstract: Pediatric neurosurgery, encompassing a range of conditions such as childhood brain tumors, congenital neural tube defects, hydrocephalus, traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular diseases, has seen considerable advancement in China since its inception in 1960. Through sustained efforts across generations of physicians, the field has evolved from nonexistence to a position of strength, currently leading globally in the volume and diversity of clinical cases. Despite these strides, challenges persist, notably the shortage of specialized surgeons, regional discrepancies in medical care standards, and a dearth of clinical guidelines. The advent of technologies such as artificial intelligence, brain -computer interfaces, and virtual reality presents unprecedented opportunities for rapid advancements in diagnosis and treatment standards. The onus lies on China's pediatric neurosurgery community to leverage this technological evolution, and fulfill their collective mission and responsibility.

Key words: Neurosurgery, Brain neoplasms, Education, professional, retraining, Health services administration, Child