摘要：

脑小血管是指直径5 μm 至2 mm 的血管，包括小动脉、微动脉、毛细血管、微静脉和小静脉，不同直径的血管病理生理改变不同。脑小血管病的主要病理学特点为腔隙性梗死、脑白质高信号和脑微出血，具有不同的病理生理学基础，危险因素亦存在一定差异。动脉僵硬度是脑小血管病的独立危险因素。

关键词: 脑血管障碍, 小动脉, 小静脉, 病理学, 生理学, 综述

Abstract:

The current definition of cerebral small vessels refers to all vascular structures ranging from 5 μ m to 2 mm in diameter in the brain parenchyma and they encompass small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and small veins. Different diameters of cerebral small vessels have different distribution, and predilection to different types of pathophysiological process. Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), including lacunar infarct (LACI), white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), have different pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors. Arterial stiffness is independently associated with all components of cSVD.

Key words: Cerebrovascular disorders, Arterioles, Venules, Pathology, Physiology, Review