摘要： 目前，我国高血压患病率呈逐年升高之趋势，而国人对高血压的知晓率、诊断率、控制率明显低于发达国家水平。20 世纪，研究者通过对不同国家、不同人种的综合分析，发现高血压可使脑卒中风险增加，抗高血压药物的应用可明显降低脑卒中发生率和复发率；21 世纪，研究者将目光转向诊室外血压监测，24 小时动态血压监测研究发现不同时间段血压水平与脑卒中发病的关系有所不同，以夜间血压的影响较大，而家庭血压监测则可更全面、真实地提供长期血压变化；未来，将通过对血压的全面监测与治疗，以遏制目前脑卒中“井喷”之景。

关键词: 卒中, 高血压, 医学史, 综述

Abstract: Stroke affects people's quality of life because of its high morbidity and mortality. In China, stroke is easily affected by hypertension, and the morbidity of hypertension is rising quickly year by year. However, most of adults who have hypertension do not know about their disease. In the 20th century, researchers focused on the relationship between blood pressure and stroke, and found that hypertension could lead to stroke. The incidence and recurrence of stroke could be decreased through antihypertensive treatment. In the 21th century, researchers gradually transfer their attention to the daily monitoring of blood pressure. The ambulatory blood pressure monitoring reveals that blood pressures during different periods of one day have different correlations with stroke occurrence. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) provides longtime blood pressure changes. In the future, after the overall monitoring and treatment of hypertension, we believe that we can decrease the overflow of stroke prevalence.

Key words: Stroke, Hypertension, History of medicine, Review