摘要： 人类不断认识进而征服癫痫的努力已有3000 多年历史。史前期和古代文明早期，认为其病因是“鬼魂附体”和“神的诅咒”，直至Hippocrates 时代才认识到其为脑部疾病。经过多年的病例观察和人体解剖知识的丰富，虽对癫痫的发病机制有了一些认识，但仍处在早期阶段。自Avicenna在1000年前定名“Epilepsy”后，对其专题研究日渐活跃、深入，在分类、症状与体征、病理和治疗诸方面均不断取得进展。1881 年首部专著出版，此后，药物治疗、外科手术也相继有了进步。近100 年，自国际抗癫痫联盟成立、Epilepsia 创刊和脑电图应用于临床以来，在更大范围的规划和医学相关多学科知识的推动下，癫痫的基础和临床研究飞速发展。我国由3000 多年前的相关记载到中医著作对病症的阐述，悠久的历史丰富了癫痫的中医学诊断与治疗方法，新中国开启了癫痫学研究的新纪元。近30 年来，癫痫研究的学术水平明显提高，专业队伍空前壮大，极大地推动了我国在该领域向着更高水平前进的步伐。

关键词: 癫痫, 医学史, 综述

Abstract: Human beings have been recognizing and treating epilepsy for more than 3000 years. The cause of this disease was understood as demons in ancient times. A theory of brain disease was firstly proposed by Hippocrates. Although there were many years of case observation and development of anatomy, epilepsy had not been better recognized. Before 1000 years, the word "epilepsy" was firstly called by Avicenna. Afterward scholars of many countries had made elementary progress in classification, signs and symptoms, pathology and treatment of epilepsy. The first monograph of epilepsy was published in 1881 by Gower. Then drug treatment and surgical treatment had been applied and developed. In recent 100 years, due to the establishment of International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), publishing of Epilepsia and clinical employment of EEG, rapid progress has been made in basic and clinical study of epilepsy under the help of many other relative scientific knowledge. As early as over 3000 years before, there was already treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for epilepsy recorded in China. During the past 30 years, obvious advancement of learning and growing number of specialized personnel have been pushing epilepsy research forward in China.

Key words: Epilepsy, History of medicine, Review