摘要： 目的  探讨经口腔入路松解、复位内固定术在颅底凹陷合并寰枢椎脱位治疗中的应用价值，并评价其有效性及安全性。方法  对3 例不可复性寰枢椎脱位患者实施显微镜辅助下经口腔入路松解、复位内固定术，术中以经口腔复位内固定钛板作为前方固定，自体颗粒骨植骨。采用日本骨科协会（JOA）17 分评分系统进行手术前后颈脊髓神经功能评价，MRI 及X 线判断术后寰枢间距及延髓颈髓角改善程度。结果  3 例患者手术平均时间为130 min（110、130 和150 min）；平均出血量为150 ml（100、200 和150 ml）。术后CT 检查显示，3 例患者内固定钛板及12 枚椎弓根钛钉固定理想、无松动迹象，颅底凹陷及寰枢关节脱位得到不同程度纠正；颈脊髓神经功能明显改善，JOA 评分改善率分别为75.00%、40.00%和56.25%，平均改善率为57.08%，平均JOA 评分改善率评级为良好。其中1 例患者术后并发颅内感染，经对症治疗痊愈。结论  显微镜辅助下经口腔入路松解、复位内固定术治疗颅底凹陷合并寰枢椎脱位具有一定临床应用价值。

关键词: 扁颅底, 脱位, 寰枢关节, 内固定术（非MeSH 词）

Abstract: Objective To study the outcome of the transoral reduction and fixation of basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation, to evaluate this novel technique involving a microscope-assisted anterior release and reduction and fixation through a transoral-transpharyngeal approach and describe the safety and efficacy of a new minimal invasive technique for the irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IADD). Methods A prospective clinical study was performed. Three consecutive irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation patients underwent a microscope-assisted anterior release and reduction and fixation through transoral-transpharyngeal approach. Transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate (TARP) for anterior fixation and autologous morselized bone grafting were used during the operation. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system was used to evaluate each patient's neurological status pre- and post-operatively, and serial MRI and radiographs were used to evaluate the status of the reduction including the atlantoaxial interval and cervicomedullary angle were also measured. The clinical features, imaging data, special preoperative preparation, surgical approach, skills and postoperative complications of the 3 cases were analyzed. Results The average operation time was 130 min (110 min, 130 min, 150 min, respectively) and the mean estimated blood loss was 150 ml (100 ml, 200 ml, 150 ml, respectively). According to the postoperative CT all the 3 plates and 12 screws were appropriately placed and fixed. All cases of basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation were corrected differentially in terms of anatomic reduction and neurological disturbances were reversed remarkably. The improvement rate of spinal cord function was 75.00%, 40.00%, 56.25%, respectively according to JOA score, average improvement rate was 57.08%, and average recovery rating was "good". Postoperative nosocomial intracranial infection occurred in one case and was cured finally. Conclusion Microscope-assisted transoral-transpharyngeal reduction and fixation for the treatment of basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation is feasible and valuable.

Key words: Platybasia, Dislocations, Atlanto-axial joint, Internal fixation (not in MeSH)