纳米材料在医学检测与疾病诊断中的应用

doi:10.16352/j.issn.1001-6325.2022.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 纳米材料具有尺寸小、比表面积高的特点,在光、声、电、热、磁等性质上有着不同于其他传统材料的独特之处。随着纳米材料研究的不断进步,越来越多的功能化纳米材料以及相关器件凭借着高灵敏度、高特异性、准确、快速等优点,在医学检测领域得到了广泛应用。纳米材料的快速发展可以为临床诊断提供新的方法,为疾病的预防以及治疗提供更多的科学依据。纳米材料在多种疾病的诊断上均有着较大的发展潜力和广阔的应用前景。本文概述了纳米材料的特性及其用于医学检测的原理,介绍了纳米材料在传染病、恶性肿瘤、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病等医学检测中的应用研究进展,并对未来的发展和应用做了展望与评述。

关键词: 纳米材料, 检测, 疾病诊断

Abstract: Nanomaterials have the characteristics of small size and high specific surface area. These characteristics make it unique from other traditional materials in the properties of light, sound, electricity, heat, and magnetism. With the continuous development of nanomaterials and the needs of clinical medicine, more and more functionalized nanomaterials and related devices have been widely used in medical detection with the advantages of high sensitivity, high specificity, accuracy, and speed. The rapid development of nanomaterials can provide new methods for clinical diagnosis and provide more scientific basis for disease prevention and treatment. Nanomaterials have great development potential and broad application prospects in the diagnosis of a variety of diseases. In this article, the progress in the medical detection and diagnosis of infection, tumor, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease and cardiovascular diseases is reviewed; future perspectives are discussed as well.

Key words: nanomaterials, detection, disease diagnosis

中图分类号:

R446

徐颖, 张宇. 纳米材料在医学检测与疾病诊断中的应用[J]. 基础医学与临床, 2022, 42(1): 33-40.

XU Ying, ZHANG Yu. Application of nanomaterials in medical detection and disease diagnosis[J]. Basic & Clinical Medicine, 2022, 42(1): 33-40.

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