Abstract:

The occurrence rate of central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is extremely high. The mechanism of HIV-associated CNS opportunistic infections is closely related to the number of CD4⁺T cells. The smaller number of CD4⁺T cells is, the higher occurrence rate of opportunistic infections will be. The pathogens involved in the infections are complex, including virus, bacteria, fungus, mycobacterium and parasite. The clinical manifestations of different pathogens are similar, but the treatments are significantly different. It is undoubtedly a great challenge for clinicians to identify different pathogens. Therefore, prompt and correct diagnosis of such disorders is critical for increasing patients' survival rates.

Key words: AIDS-related opportunistic infections, Review

摘要：

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染患者发生中枢神经系统机会性感染的概率极高，其发生机制与CD4⁺T细胞计数相关,CD4⁺T细胞计数越少、中枢神经系统机会性感染发生率越高。HIV相关中枢神经系统机会性感染涉及的病原体十分复杂,包括病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫等，不同致病菌的临床表现有相似之处，但治疗有显著差异,甄别不同病原体无疑是对临床医师的巨大挑战，及时且准确的诊断是提高患者生存率的关键。

关键词: 艾滋病相关机会致病菌感染, 综述