Abstract:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60% to 80% of all types of dementia. Both genetic and non-genetic factors may take part in the etiopathogenesis of AD. Among them, genetic factors play a decisive role in the development of AD. Gene mutations associated with AD include amyloid β-protein precursor (APP), presenilin-1 (PS-1), presenilin-2 (PS-2) and apolipoprotein Eε4 (ApoEε4) allele gene. Vascular risk factors are the most common causes in non-genetic factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, drinking, obesity, intracranial arteriosclerosis, atrial fibrillation and cerebrovascular diseases. We selected three high-quality prospective cohort studies regarding the association of AD with vascular risk factors in Chinese population which were published in foreign journals during the past 5 years, and focused on study methods and results.

Key words: Alzheimer disease, Risk factors, Review

摘要：

阿尔茨海默病为痴呆常见病因，占所有痴呆类型的60% ~ 80%。遗传因素和非遗传因素可能共同参与阿尔茨海默病的发病，以遗传因素起决定作用。阿尔茨海默病相关基因包括β-淀粉样前体蛋白（APP）、早老素1 和2（PS-1 和PS-2）、载脂蛋白Eε4（ApoEε4）等位基因；非遗传因素以血管性危险因素为常见病因，包括高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、吸烟、饮酒、肥胖、颅内动脉粥样硬化、心房颤动和脑血管病等。本文选择中国学者近5 年来发表在国外杂志的关于阿尔茨海默病与血管性危险因素关系的3项高质量前瞻性队列研究，重点介绍其研究方法和结果。

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 危险因素, 综述