Abstract: Sydenham's chorea (SC), as one of the most common children acquired chorea, is a characteristic clinical manifestation of rheumatic fever in nervous system. This article analyzed literatures with the disease at home and abroad in recent years, and summarized related knowledge of its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, it presented the latest research progress in this field. Clinicians should be comprehensive in the analysis of patients' symptoms, signs and results of auxiliary examination, so as to fulfill early diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, effective control of the symptoms, shortening of the disease course and improvement of the prognosis can be achieved.

Key words: Chorea, Streptococcal infections, Review

摘要： Sydenham 舞蹈病是风湿热在神经系统的特征性表现，是临床最为常见的儿童获得性舞蹈病。本文通过对近年来与该病相关国内外文献的系统回顾，对其病因、发病机制、临床表现、辅助检查、诊断与治疗，以及最新研究进展等进行归纳总结，以期临床医师在诊断与治疗过程中能够综合患者临床症状、体征及辅助检查结果，做到早诊断、早治疗，从而有效控制临床症状、缩短病程，达到改善患者预后之目的。

关键词: 舞蹈症, 链球菌感染, 综述