Abstract: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using a new technology of somatic cell reprogramming can convert tissue cells to multi-irectional differentiated cells (the stem cells). By this way, in 2006, Dr. Yamanaka, et al converted four transcription factors into human skin fibroblasts, and derived iPSCs for the first time. The emergence of iPSCs model is significant. This technique not only can establish nervous system disease animal model to study the pathogenesis of human nervous system diseases and find the key pathogenic genes, but also can carry out cell transplantation test, verify the curative effect and perform drug screening.

Key words: Multipotent stem cells, Cell differentiation, Nervous system diseases, Review

摘要： 诱导型多能干细胞技术是一种通过新的体细胞重编程，将组织细胞转化为可多向分化的细胞即干细胞的技术。目前已将4 种转录因子导入人体皮肤纤维母细胞，并首次成功诱导出诱导型多能干细胞。此项技术不但可以建立神经系统疾病动物模型，用于发病机制和致病基因的研究，而且可以开展移植研究，验证疗效及筛选药物。

关键词: 多能干细胞, 细胞分化, 神经系统疾病, 综述