Abstract: Special staining plays an important role in the clinical neuropathological diagnosis. Some special staining is used to distinguish the specific structure of neuron, such as Nissl staining for Nissl body. It can distinguish neuron from other cells, and can be used to judge the degree of neuron injury. Some special staining is used as the assistance of pathological diagnosis of some nervous system diseases. For example, in the primary demyelinating disease, Luxol Fast Blue staining is used to mark the demyelinating region; Bodian staining is used to label the relatively preserved axon; Holzer staining can show the abundant fine processes of reactively proliferative astrocytes, and so on. It will get twice the result with half the effort if pathologists use special staining as the assistance of clinical neuropathological diagnosis.

Key words: Nervous system diseases, Staining and labeling, Pathology, Review

摘要： 特殊染色在神经系统疾病诊断中发挥着不可替代的作用。某些特殊染色方法可以标记神经元特有的结构，如Nissl染色标记尼氏体，用于观察神经元并判断其损伤程度；或应用于神经系统疾病的诊断，如在原发性脱髓鞘疾病的诊断中，Luxol Fast Blue 染色所显示的髓鞘脱失、Bodian 染色所显示的相对保留的轴索、Holzer 染色所显示的反应性增生的星形细胞等。病理科医师在日常神经病理诊断工作中如果能够正确、巧妙地应用特殊染色往往可以达到事半功倍的效果。

关键词: 神经系统疾病, 染色与标记, 病理学, 综述