Abstract: Tuberculous meningitis is an infectious disease of central nervous system caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly invades into brain meninges and parenchyma, and may spread to the spinal cord and spinal meninges. The disability rate and mortality rate of this disease are very high. In recent years, incidence of tuberculosis increased significantly due to the increase of drug-resistant tuberculosis cases, population mobility, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic and other factors. Tuberculosis is still a worldwide serious threat to human life and health, especially in the underdeveloped and developing countries. China is the world's largest developing country with large population, so tuberculosis prevention and control is still a quite severe problem. In this paper, the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment progress of tuberculous meningitis were reviewed systematically.

Key words: Tuberculosis, meningeal, Antitubercular agents, Review

摘要： 结核性脑膜炎是由结核分枝杆菌（结核杆菌）引起的中枢神经系统感染性疾病，以脑膜、脑实质受累为主，同时可累及脊髓、脊膜；病残率和病死率极高。近年来，由于耐药结核病患者增多、人口流动和获得性免疫缺陷综合征流行等因素使结核病发病率明显升高，结核性脑膜炎亦随之增加。目前，结核病仍是世界性严重威胁人类健康的感染性疾病，尤其在不发达国家和发展中国家尤为突出。我国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口众多，结核病预防和治疗形势严峻，本文拟就结核性脑膜炎的临床表现、诊断与鉴别诊断和治疗原则方面的研究进展进行系统回顾。

关键词: 结核, 脑膜, 抗结核药, 综述